πŸ₯- Reproduction Test Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in πŸ₯- Reproduction Test Deck (31)
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0
Q

PSA and DRE

A

Prostate-specific antigen: protein produced by the prostate gland and maybe considered a tumor marker

Digital rectal examination: enlarged prostate can be palpated on examination

1
Q

Clinical manifestations of BPH

A
  • difficulty starting urine flow
  • weak stream
  • multiple interruptions during stream
  • post void dribbling
  • feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
  • nocturia
2
Q

Alpha adrenergic blockers

A

Tamsulosin (flomax)

Relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate

3
Q

Adverse effects of alpha blockers

A
Headache 
Nasal congestion 
Dizziness 
Drowsiness 
Orthostatic hypotension 
Retrograde ejaculation
4
Q

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

A

Finasteride (proscar)

Prevents testosterone from being converted to DHT , which causes the prostate tissue to shrink

5
Q

Oxybutynin

A

An anticholenergic used by the patient with BPH experiencing an over active bladder , to relax bladder smooth muscle

6
Q

Transurethral resection of the prostate TURP

A

A small cutting tool is used to remove the entire inner prostate

7
Q

Transurethral incision of prostate TUIP

A

Two small incisions into the prostate, relieves compression of the urethra and opens up the channel

Results in easier passage of urine

8
Q

Transurethral microwave therapy

A

An electrode produces microwave energy that heats the in er portion of the prostate , destroying the tissue and causing the gland to shrink

Used for small prostates

9
Q

Transurethral needle ablation TUNA

A

Needles placed into the prostate and radio waves are passed through them to heat and destroy prostrate tissue

Used if there is a concern about excess bleeding

10
Q

Prostate cancer tumors

A

Tend to grow on the periphery of the prostate gland which doesn’t obstruct the flow of urine

11
Q

Brachytherapy

A

Radioactive seeds or pellets are placed in the prostate

Abstain from sex for 2 weeks and then wear a condom to protect partner from radiation exposure

12
Q

Ablative hormone therapy

A

Suppression of testosterone

Testosterone is an androgen, and andgrogens promote the growth of tumors

13
Q

Risk factors for prostate cancer development

A
  • African American
  • age 55 or older
  • family history
  • diet low in fruits and vegetables
  • increased multivitamin use
  • increased calcium consumption
14
Q

Prostate cancer prevention includes increased consumption of which types of foods

A

Foods that contain selenium such as oysters, tuna, whole wheat bread or sunflower seeds

15
Q

Most common causes of ED

A
  • cardiovascular disease
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • stroke
  • spinal cord injury
  • disease of the neurological system
  • diabetes
  • liver disease
  • kidney disease
  • low testosterone
  • prostate/rectal surgery
  • peyronies disease
  • adverse effects of medication
  • psychological issues
16
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors

A

Allows cgmp to work stimulating erection

Silenafil (viagra) vardenafil (levitra) tadalafil (cialis)

17
Q

Pde-5 inhibitors should be used with caution with which meds and why

A

Nitrates for cardiac issues or alpha blockers for BPH

18
Q

Medicated ureteral system for erection

A

Aprostadil pellets placed in the urethra , massage πŸ† for 10mins to absorb the medicine

Aprostadil is a prostaglandin E1 , which causes increased blood flow to the penis via vasodilation

19
Q

Risk factors for testicular cancer

A

Cryptorchidism (undescended testicles)
Infertility
Smoking

20
Q

Seminoma

A

Slow growing testicular cancer that usually occurs between 30-40

21
Q

Non-seminoma

A

Rapidly growing testicular cancer found in men from teens to 40

22
Q

Clinical manifestations of testicular cancer

A

Pain, swelling, hardness/heaviness/fullness feeling of scrotum

23
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Breast enlargement associated with metastasis of testicular cancer

24
Q

Nonseminomas aren’t responsive to which type of treatment

A

Radiation

25
Q

Torsion

A

Twisted spermatic cord

26
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid filled sac around a testicle

27
Q

Spermatocele

A

Sperm containing cyst that develops on the epididymis alongside the testicle

28
Q

Varicocele

A

Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum

Bag of worms

29
Q

Phimosis

A

Tight foreskin can’t be pulled back over the head of the penis

30
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Foreskin doesn’t return to normal position, constructing the glans causing swelling and impeding blood flow