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Flashcards in REPRODUCTIVE Deck (42)
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1
Q

What 2 antiandrogens are used to prevent hirsutism in PCOS?

A

Spironolactone and Ketoconazole

2
Q

What is the controversy with DES?

A

Causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina in females exposed in utero

3
Q

What is the MOA of progestins?

A

Reduce growth and increase vascularization of the endometrium by binding progesterone receptors

4
Q

What is the MOA of flutamide? What drug is it co-administered with to treat prostatic cancer?

A

Competitive antagonist for testosterone at the androgen receptor; administered with CONTINUOUS leuprolide

4
Q

What are the 3 estrogen drugs?

A

Ethinyl estradiol, mestranol, and DES = Diethylstilbestrol

4
Q

Which SERM increases the risk for cervical cancer? Which has no effect?

A

Tamoxifen, Raloxifene

4
Q

What is the MOA and use of Mifepristone? What is it given with?

A

A competitive inhibitor of progestins at the endometrium? Used to terminate pregnancy. Given with misoprostol (PGE1)

5
Q

Which SERM is used to induce ovulation?

A

Clomiphene

5
Q

Which SERM is used for breast cancer and in preventing recurrences of Estrogen-Receptor positive breast cancer?

A

Tamoxifen

5
Q

This drug inhibits the alpha 1 a, d receptor

A

Tamsulosin for BPH

6
Q

In whom are OCP’s contraindicated?

A

Smokers over 35 and ppl with Hx of thromboembolism

7
Q

What is another name for RU-486?

A

Mifepristone–competitive inhibitor of progestins

9
Q

This is a beta-2 agonist that relaxes the uterus and prevents premature contractions

A

Terbutaline

10
Q

Which SERM is used mostly for osteoporosis?

A

Raloxifene

10
Q

What is the use of tamsulosin? Receptor?

A

Treats BPH by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction? alpha 1a,d

12
Q

Which OCP’s cause thickening of the cervical mucus making sperm motility more difficult?

A

progestins

13
Q

What is the MOA and use of terbutaline?

A

Beta-2 agonist that relaxes uterus and prevents premature contractions

15
Q

MOA of testosterone and methyltestosterone

A

Agonist at androgen receptors

15
Q

What is testosterone and methyltestosterone used for clinically?

A

Hypogonadism and forming secondary sex characteristics

15
Q

AE of PDE-5 inhibitors (4)

A

Headache, flushing, dyspepsia (heart burn), and risk of hypotension with nitrates

16
Q

How are ketoconazole and spironolactone anti-androgenics? What AE do they share?

A

Ketoconazole inhibits 17, 20 desmolase so inhibits steroid synthesis, Spironolactone prevents steroid binding? Both cause gynecomastia and amenorrhea

17
Q

What kind of drug are anastrozole and exemestane?

A

Aromatase inhibitors

18
Q

4 uses of leuprolide

A

Infertility = pulsatile, prostate CA = continuous and with flutamide, Uterine Fibroids (continuous) and Precocious puberty (continuous)

20
Q

Which drugs inhibit phosphodiesterase 5? Phosphodiesterase 3?

A

Sildenafil, vardenafil etc.; Cilostazol and Dipyridamole

21
Q

MOA of finasteride? Uses?

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor (no DHT formed)? Tx of BPH and Male Pattern Baldness

22
Q

How do synthetic estrogens and progestins act as oral contraceptives?

A

They inhibit LH and FSH via negative feedback and therefore prevent ovulation; also, progestins thicken cervical mucus which makes it difficult for sperm to get through

23
Q

Name 2 aromatase inhibitors

A

Anastrozole and Exemestane

24
Q

What are the 2 contraindications of estrogen therapy in women?

A

Hx of DVT’s or ER (estrogen receptor) positive breast CA

25
Q

What antiandrogen is used to treat prostate cancer?

A

flutamide

27
Q

This GnRH analog is an agonist when used pulsatile and antagonist when continuous

A

Leuprolide

27
Q

In the context of the reproductive system, what are spironolactone and ketoconazole used for?

A

Preventing hirsuitism in polycystic ovarian syndrome

28
Q

Which drug can be used to shrink uterine fibroids?

A

Continuous leuprolide (GnRH analog)

30
Q

What kind of drug is danozol?

A

Synthetic androgen acting as a partial agonist at androgen receptors

31
Q

This is a synthetic partial agonist androgen used in endometriosus and hereditary angioedema

A

danozol

33
Q

Which repro system drugs can cause blue-green vision?

A

PDE-5 inhibitors– sildenafil and vardenafil

35
Q

What kind of drug is mestranol?

A

An estrogen

36
Q

What 2 drugs are used in conjunction for prostate cancer?

A

Leuprolide (GnRH analog used CONTINUOUSLY) and Flutamide (nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at testosterone receptor)

37
Q

When are estrogens used in men?

A

Androgen dependent prostate CA

38
Q

What are the lipid effects of testosterone?

A

Increase LDL and decrease HDL

40
Q

Which antiandrogenic drug inhibits 17, 20 desmolase?

A

Ketoconazole

41
Q

List the 4 antiandrogens

A

Finasteride, Flutamide, Spironolactone, and Ketoconazole

42
Q

What is the MOA of clomiphene to induce ovulation?

A

Partial agonist of estrogen receptors in hypothalamus causes release of LH and FSH (induces LH surge)