Resp Revision Flashcards Preview

CardioResp Block > Resp Revision > Flashcards

Flashcards in Resp Revision Deck (19)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what sign may be seen on a cross-sectional image of the lung in a pt with bronchiectasis and why?

A

a signet ring sign
occurs when the dilated bronchus is and accompanying pulmonary artery are seen in cross section as should both normally be the same size but in this disease bronchus is markedly dilated.

2
Q

what is the mechanism by which R sided heart failure can develop in a COPD patient?

A

hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
alveolar hypoxia and resp acidosis stimulate pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction and hypoxaemia stimulates erythrocytosis. Increase pulm. vascular resistance, blood volume and viscosity all contribute to pulmonary HTN, increasing the strain on the RV so it hypertrophies with LT pulmonary HTN.

3
Q

name given to a type of lung tumour which can cause Horner’s syndrome and explain why the symptoms of Horner’s are produced.

A

Pancoast tumour= apical lung tumour
Horner’s: partial ptosis, miosis, hemifacial anhidrosis
result of invasion into the cervical sympathetic plexus, which disrupts the sympathetic innervation to the eye.
partial ptosis- loss of sympathetic innervation to the superior tarsal muscle which elevates the upper eyelid alongside levator palpebrae superioris.
miosis- loss of S.innervation to the dilator pupillae muscle, and P.innervation to sphincter pupillae remains.
hemifacial anhidrosis- loss of S.innervation to sweat glands on same side of face as the lesion.

4
Q

duration of acute and chronic coughs?

A

acute-less than 3 wks

chronic- more than 8 wks

5
Q

most common causes of a chronic cough- lasting more than 2 mnths, in a NON-smoker with a normal CXR?

A

GORD
chronic sinus disease with postnasal drip
ACEIs

6
Q

red flag symptoms assoc. with cough?

A
weight loss
fever
chest pain
haemoptysis
breathlessness
7
Q

how does cough syncope occur?

A

may result from raised intrathoracic pressure impairing venous return to the heart, reducing cardiac output.

8
Q

most common cause of dysphonia (hoarse voice)?

A

laryngitis

9
Q

define stertor

A

a resp. sound producing muffled speech (‘hot potato’), which occurs with nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal blockage e.g. quinsy.

10
Q

type of sputum in pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

rusty red

as in early disease, pneumonic inflammation causes red cell lysis.

11
Q

if frothy pink sputum occurs over wks rather than in an acutely breathless pt, what disease might this suggest?

A

alveolar cell cancer

12
Q

cause of increased vocal resonance?

A

consolidation-pneumonia

13
Q

causes of dull percussion note?

A

pulmonary consolidation
pulmonary collapse
severe pulmonary fibrosis

14
Q

characteristic of pt on clinical examination that distinguishes between pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax?

A

tension=haemodynamic instability- decrease BP and increase HR

15
Q

causes of yellow sputum?

A

acute bronchopulmonary infection

asthma (eosinophils)

16
Q

causes of green sputum?

A
longer-standing infection:
pneumonia
bronchiectasis
CF
lung abscess
17
Q

cause of clear, grey mucoid sputum?

A

chronic bronchitis/COPD

18
Q

what is Kussmaul respiration?

A

hyperventilation with deep sighing respirations

occurs in metabolic acidosis e.g. DKA, acute renal failure, lactic acidosis and salicylate and methanol poisoning.

19
Q

importance of examining for chest wall tenderness?

A

presence indicates Px of chest pain unlikely to be due to a cardiac problem