Respiration: Structures and Processes Flashcards Preview

Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Physiology > Respiration: Structures and Processes > Flashcards

Flashcards in Respiration: Structures and Processes Deck (30)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Speech

A

Depends on an intricate and complex system of structures and functions working together to allow human beings to communicate.

2
Q

Respiration (Breathing)

A

Supplies the energy for speech. Includes the lungs, bronchi, trachea, spinal column, sternum, and rib cage.

3
Q

Phonation

A

Involves voicing and the structures and processes that create voice.

4
Q

Resonation

A

The process by which the voice or laryngeal tone is modified by various supra laryngeal cavities and structures.

5
Q

Articulation

A

The process of making speech sounds.

6
Q

Inhalation (or inspiration)

A

Brings oxygen to the blood by drawing air into the lungs, where an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Chest and lungs expand - diaphragm lowers - air flows in through the nose and mouth - air goes down pharynx and between open vocal folds - air continues downward through trachea and bronchial tubes - air reaches final destination of lungs.

7
Q

Exhalation (or expiration)

A

Helps get rid of mixed air and gases which result from respiratory metabolism.

8
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Fires impulses from brainstem to the respiratory muscles when an excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the blood cells creates a need for oxygen.

9
Q

Which lung is shorter, broader, and bigger?

A

The right lung, because the liver underneath forces it in a slightly upward position.

10
Q

Bronchi

A

Tubes that extend from the lungs upward to the trachea. Composed of cartilaginous rings bound together by fibroelastic tissue.

11
Q

Bronchioles

A

Repeatedly divide until they become very thin. Communicate with alveolar ducts.

12
Q

Alveolar Ducts

A

Open into tiny air sacs in the lungs.

13
Q

Trachea

A

A tube formed by approximately 20 rings of cartilage. Extends from the larynx.

14
Q

Spinal Column

A

Consists of 32-33 individual vertebrae. These vertebrae are divided into five segments.

15
Q

7 Cervical Vertebrae

A

C1-C7

16
Q

12 thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12; Provide points of attachment for the ribs.

17
Q

5 lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5; Large. Makes them suitable for weight-bearing functions.

18
Q

5 Sacral Vertebrae

A

S1-S5

19
Q

3-4 Coccygeal Vertebrae

A

Fused together and called the coccyx.

20
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone. Located on the superior, anterior thoracic wall.

21
Q

3 Parts of the Sternum

A

Manubrium, body, and Xiphoid Process

22
Q

Manubrium

A

Uppermost segment of the sternum. Provides the attachment for the clavicle and first rib.

23
Q

Body (Corpus)

A

Long and narrow; The cartilages of ribs 2 through 7 attach to the body of the sternum.

24
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

Small cartilaginous structure found at the bottom of the body of the sternum.

25
Q

Rib Cage (Chest)

A

12 pairs of ribs that form a cylindrical structure. Rib cage houses and protects organs (heart and lungs)

26
Q

Rib Cage Components

A

Sternum, Thoracic Vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs

27
Q

Thoracic Muscles of Respiration

A

Diaphragm, abdomen, intercostal muscles

28
Q

Diaphragm

A

Floor of chest cavity. Thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax. Plays a major role in breathing.

29
Q

Abdomen

A

Houses structures such as the intestines, liver, and kidneys.

30
Q

Muscles of expiration

A

Latissimus Dorsi, Rectus Abdominis, Transverse Abdominis, Internal Oblique Abdominis, Quadratus Lumborum