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Flashcards in Respiratory Structures & Details Deck (31)
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1
Q

(Structure of an alveolus)
Type 2 alveolar cell secretes surfactant
def? what does it do?

A

phospholipid mixture that prevents alveolus from collapsing and makes the lungs more stretchy

2
Q

(Structure of an alveolus)
Alveolus
def?

A

air-filled sac that is the terminal part of the airways

3
Q

(Structure of an alveolus)
Interstitial space
def?

A

space btwn cells filled with interstitial fluid

4
Q

(Structure of an alveolus)
Alveolar cell
def?

A

thin-walled, squamous epithelial cell that is the site of gas exchange

5
Q

(Structure of an alveolus)
Alveolar fluid
contains?

A

contains surfactant

6
Q

(Structure of an alveolus)
Alveolar macrophage
def/function?

A

phagocytes that wander through the alveoli and remove dust and debris from alveolar spaces

7
Q

branching of a bronchial tree (10)

A
trachea
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducs
alveolar sacs
alveoli
8
Q

Trachea

A

cartilaginous tube that extends from larynx to bronchi. it’s the main airway and is lined w/ mucous membranes that move trapped particles upward to the pharynx

9
Q

Pleaural membranes

A

enclose and protect each lung

10
Q

Pleural cavity

A

fluid-filled space btwn lungs and pleural membranes that connects the lungs to the thoracic wall

11
Q

horizontal fissure

A

separates superior and middle lobes of lung (right only)

12
Q

oblique fissue

A

separates middle and inferior lobes of lung (right and left)

13
Q

left and right bronchi (primary bronchi)

A

connect trachea with left and right lungs; pulmonary blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and exit along bronchial passages

14
Q

secondary and tertiary bronchi

A

branch from primary bronchi

15
Q

bronchioles

A

smaller tubes that branch from tertiary bronchi

16
Q

cardiac notch

A

indentation in left lung where heart sits

17
Q

diaphragm

A

one of the major respiratory muscles

18
Q

carina

A

last line of cartilage before primary bronchi

19
Q

internal respiration

O2 ? CO2 ?

A

O2 diffuses from red blood cells into tissues
CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into RBC
(gas exchange btwn systemic capillaries and tissue cells)

20
Q

external respiration

O2? CO2?

A

O2 diffuses from alveolus into plasma & red blood cells
CO2 diffuses out of RBC into an alveolus to be exhaled
(gas exchange btwn alveoli and pulmonary capillaries)

21
Q

partial pressure in atmosphere?

A
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon dioxide
other gases 
total: 760 mmHg
22
Q

diaphragm relaxed is? inhaled?

A

relaxed- arched

inhale- straight

23
Q

sternocleiodmastoid muscles

A

raise in sternum during deep inhalations

24
Q

scalene muscles

A

elevate the 2 uppermost ribs during deep inhalations

25
Q

external intercostals

A

pull up and out on the ribs, thereby contributing to expanding the thoracic cavity during normal breathing

26
Q

diaphragm

A

major muscle of inhalation

as it contracts, it descends and flattens, thereby increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity

27
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A

move the upper ribs downward during forced exhalation

28
Q

abdominal muscles

A
COMPRESS ABDOMINAL VISCERA AND FORCE DIAPHRAGM UPWARD DURING FORCED EXHALATION
-INTERNAL OBLIQUE
-TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
-RECTUS ABDOMINIS
(contract when exhale)
29
Q

external oblique muscles

A

move the lower ribs downward and inward during forced exhalation

30
Q

obstructive pulmonary diseases affect what?
diseases?
diseases?

A
affect the airways and hinder the flow of air 
asthma 
COPD
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
31
Q

restrictive pulmonary diseases affect what?

A

structure of lungs and limit the capacity of the lungs to expand
pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis
pulmonary edema