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HMS Anatomy > Retroperitoneum > Flashcards

Retroperitoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Prosected Urinary System

A
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2
Q

Differences between Right and Left Adrenal blood supply

A

Everything is paired, the only difference is that the left adrenal vein drains into the left renal vein while the right adrenal vein drains into the inferior vena cava directly.

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3
Q

Replaced artery

A

The most common anatomical variant is absent and this artery is present instead

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4
Q

Why do patients with small bowel obstruction or appendicitis often report periumbilical pain?

A

The T10 and T11 spinal nerves form the lesser sphlanchic nerve, and the dermatomes of the periumbilican region correspond to these origins.

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5
Q

Inflammation of the distal colon is sensed as. . .

A

Left lower abdominal to pelvic pain (left inguinal pain)

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6
Q

The Retroperitoneum was developed. . .

A

outside of the abdominal cavity but was brought in during development.

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7
Q

Two muscles that make up the dorsal face of the abdominal wall

A

Psoas Major Muscle

Quadratus lumborum Muscle

These lie deep to the superficial muscles of the back.

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8
Q

Close-up of ganglia on upper abdominal aorta

A
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9
Q

Major branches of the portal vein

A

The superior mesenteric vein

The Left gastric vein

The splenic vein

The inferior mesenteric vein

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10
Q

The abdominal aorta starts at ____ and ends at _____.

A

The abdominal aorta starts at the aortic hiatus and ends at the aortic bifurcation.

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11
Q

Segments of the urethra

A
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12
Q

“Short” gastric arteries

A

Short arteries that run between the stomach and spleen.

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13
Q

Paired (non-gut) abdominal aortic arteries

A
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14
Q

While nerve plexuses on the aorta are made up of ____, the ganglia consist exclusively of ____.

A

While nerve plexuses on the aorta are made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers, the ganglia consist exclusively of sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

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15
Q

Marginal artery of Drummond

A

Large anastomosis that runs along the mesenteric side of the colon. All colic arteries merge here, including those from both the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

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16
Q

Porto-systemic connections

A

Increased blood pressure in the portal vein due to liver disease (aka portal hypertension) can lead to venous blood diversion to the superior and inferior vena cava and their tributaries directly, circumventing the liver.

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17
Q

Branches of renal artery within the kidney

A
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18
Q

Sympathetic ganglia of the abdominal cavity rest on. . .

A

The root of the enteric arteries

19
Q

The aortic bifurcation gives rise to. . .

A

A R and L common iliac artery which then each give rise to internal and external iliac arteries.

20
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein may drain into ___ or ___.

A

The inferior mesenteric vein may drain into the superior mesenteric directly or via the splenic vein.

21
Q

Superior mesenteric artery branches

A
22
Q

Greater sphlanchic nerve

A

Contains nerves from T5-T9. Piggybacks on the Celiac artery.

23
Q

Spinal nerves of the posterior retroperitoneum

A
24
Q

List of porto-systemic connections

A

Paraumbilical veins (yes, the same ones from fetal circulation. With enough pressure they may reopen. Directly connects the portal vein and vena cava)

Esophageal veins (connected via the left gastric vein to portal circulation and via the esophageal plexus and azygos vein to systemic circulation)

Superior rectal vein (remember how the middle and inferior rectal arteries were a separate branch of the abdominal aorta? This is a consequence of the superior rectal vein connecting to the rectal vein plexus, which drains into systemic circulation. Alternatively it drains to portal circulation via the inferior mesenteric vein)

25
Q

The ureteres always hug ___ and always pass posterior to ___.

A

The ureteres always hug the posterior body wall and always pass posterior to sex organs.

The one exception to the latter is where the ureter runs anterior to the vaginal wall just before joining the bladder.

26
Q

Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

A
27
Q

Uretoro-vesicular junction

A

Junction where the ureters enter the bladder

28
Q

Segments of the bladder (shown in female)

A
29
Q

Unlike the vascular supply for many abdominal organs, there is no ___ within the kidney.

A

Unlike the vascular supply for many abdominal organs, there is no anastomosis within the kidney.

This means that segments of the kidney are at greater risk for infarction, but also means that surgeons may excise one lobe of the kidney without putting the other lobes at risk.

30
Q

Autonomic ganglia on the abdominal aorta

A
31
Q

Cisterna Chyli

A

Holding tank for lymphatic fluid drained from the lower limbs and abdominal cavity. Located retroperitoneally. Connects to thoracic duct.

32
Q

___ through ___ spinal sympathetic nerves innervate the thoracic region

A

T1 through T4 spinal sympathetic nerves innervate the thoracic region. This is why angina corresponds to the nipple line and above, these are the corresponding dermatomes.

33
Q

Renal fascia

A

Surrounds the kidneys and blood vessels of the retroperitoneum. Fat within the renal fascia is called perirenal fat while fat just outside the renal fascia is called pararenal fat.

34
Q

Rectal blood supply from internal iliac artery

A

The middle rectal artery and inferior rectal artery are both branches of the internal iliac artery, not the inferior mesenteric artery.

35
Q

Right Adrenal blood supply

A

Three arterial supplies:

  • Right inferior adrenal artery from the right renal artery
  • Right middle adrenal artery from the aorta
  • Right adrenal branches from the right inferior phrenic artery

One venous return:

  • Right adrenal vein which drains into inferior vena cava
36
Q

Right kidney interior

A
37
Q

Arterial supplies of the pancreas

A

Gastroduodenal artery (towards the head)

Splenic artery (along the superior side as it transits to the spleen)

38
Q

Branches of the celiac artery

A

Left gastric artery

Splenic artery

Common hepatic artery

39
Q

Blood supply to gut

A
40
Q

Major veins (like the mesenteric veins) are usually. . .

A

valveless!

Unlike small veins or veins of the extremities. This allows vein anastomosis.

41
Q

Common hepartic artery anatomical variants

A

The left replaced hepatic artery branches off the left gastric artery, instead of the typical left hepatic artery branching off of the proper hepatic artery.

The right replaced hepatic artery branches off of the superior mesenteric artery, instead of the typical right hepatic artery branchinf off of the proper hepatic artery.

42
Q

Arcuate ligaments

A

1: median arcuate ligament
2: medial arcuate ligament
3: lateral arcuate ligament

43
Q

Accessory artery

A

The most common anatomical variant is present in addition to this other anatomical variant.

44
Q

Right kidney exterior

A

HMS Anatomy (15 decks)

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