What structures make up the Central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
How many cranial nerves are there?
12 pairs
What is the nucleus of origin?
Motor function; where cell bodies give rise to motor/efferent neurons
Do all neurons have nuclei of origin?
no
what is the nuclei of termination?
sensory info; cell bodies give rise to sensory/efferent neurons; receive info from sensory PNS neurons and relay info to higher brain centers
Are cell bodies of the nuclei of termination located in or extending to the PNS
NO
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
How are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord?
by ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets
Each spinal nerve splits into what?
a ventral (anterior) primary ramus and a dorsal (posterior)primary ramus
Where do sensory (afferent) cell bodies in the PNS synapse?
in the CNS
What type of motor neurons are in the PNS?
All lower motor neurons
What does the visceral (autonomic) nervous system control?
body functions
The heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels, and arrector pili are all part of what division of the nervous system?
sympathetic division
Is the preganglionic neuron or postganglionic neuron longer in the sympathetic division?
Preganglionic = longer Postganglionic = shorter
Between what vertebrae is the preganglionic neurons located in they sympathetic division?
T1- L2/L3
What do the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division release?
Preganglionic = ACH Postganglionic = Norepinephrine
The sympathetic division is in control of what scenarios?
Fight or flight/ emergency (symp = scared)
What are the three splanchnic nerves in the sympathetic division and what do they carry?
greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves; carrying primary preganglionic sympathetics
The parasympathetic division is also called the what?
craniosacral division
What nerves are in the parasympathetic (craniosacral) division?
C.N. 3, 7, 9, 10
Sacral nerves 2, 3, and 4
In the Parasympathetic division is the pre or postganglionic neurons longer?
Preganglionic = shorter Postganglionic = longer
What is neurotransmitter is released in the parasympathetic division from both pre and postganglionic neurons?
ACH
Is the sympathetic division adrenergic or cholinergic?
Adrenergic
Is the parasympathetic division adrenergic or cholinergic?
Cholinergic
Cell bodies found in the peripheral ganglion like in the spinal ganglion or cranial nerve ganglion are nuclei? T/F
False, it is not nuclei
What are the two types of motor neurons in the somatic motor pathway?
Upper Motor Neurons and Lower Motor Neurons
What are the two types upper motor neurons?
Pyramidal and Extra-pyramidal
Which upper motor neurons cell bodies are all located in the cerebral cortex?
Pyramidal
Where are the cell bodies of extra-pyramidal upper motor neurons located?
in the brain stem
Where do most upper motor neurons cross?
the pyramids and descend in the lateral corticospinal tract
Where do upper motor neurons synapse?
in the anterior horn (primarily Rexed lamina VII) of the gray matter
Where do lower motor neurons exit the cord?
via anterior (ventral) rootlets and are carried in named nerves to supply somatic skeletal muscles
the somatic sensory pathway takes how many neurons to get from PNS to CNS?
three neuron pathway (DRG –> thalamus –> cerebral cortex