RNA, Proteins, Mutation Flashcards Preview

Biotechnology > RNA, Proteins, Mutation > Flashcards

Flashcards in RNA, Proteins, Mutation Deck (29)
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1
Q

Transcription

A

RNA from DNA template (DNA-> mRNA)

2
Q

TATA box

A

Where initiation begins, transforming factors bind

3
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Brings RNA nucleotides, make RNA copy, go to ribosome (rRNA)

4
Q

DNA/RNA central dogma

A

Flow of genetic info- replication-> transcription-> translation-> codon for one AA

5
Q

Types of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

6
Q

mRNA function

A

Messenger, copy of gene (segment), goes from nucleus to cytoplasm

7
Q

rRNA function

A

Ribosomal-> produce proteins

8
Q

tRNA function

A

Transfer AA to ribosome, decipher mRNA code

9
Q

Four groups that make up proteins

A

Amino, carboxyl, hydrogen, R-group

10
Q

Process to hook AA together

A

Dehydration reaction between two AA, strong peptide bond

11
Q

Function of proteins

A

Catalysts, give shape/structure, transmit signals

12
Q

Codon info

A

Made up of three bases= one AA

- change in 3rd base= no change cause so repetitive

13
Q

Translation

A

mRNA-> protein

  1. Initiation factors prep
  2. Elongation-> read codon, bring comp AA
  3. AA added w/peptide bond
  4. Termination
14
Q

tRNA structure

A

T-shaped, AA at top, anti-codon at bottom

15
Q

Function of anti-codon

A

Opposite of codon and determine if AA right (very specific)

16
Q

DNA vs RNA

A

Double strand v single
Replicate whole v transcribe segment
Thymine v uracil

17
Q

Point-frameshift

A

One base added/deleted, shift reading codon frame for mRNA (translation)

18
Q

Point-base substitution

A

Affects one AA, minimal effect
Silence= no effect
Nonsense= bad, letter changes to stop codon, incomplete protein

19
Q

Mutations inherited through…?

A

Sex cells

20
Q

Mutagen and examples

A

Cause mutations

Ie radiation, viruses, diet, poisons

21
Q

Chromosomal mutation

A

Very bad, whole segment altered

Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

22
Q

DNA Extraction lab

A

Electrolytes?, lysis, DNA won’t dissolve in ethyl alcohol

23
Q

Micropipette lab

A

Microliters= 1,000,000th L or 1,000th mL

24
Q

Solution and dilution

A

Molar mass, molarity, mass formula, dilution formula

25
Q

Sterile technique

A

E. coli?, streak to see individual colony

26
Q

Protein isolation

A

Extraction, sucrase, Benedict’s only reacts with monosaccharides

27
Q

ELISA lab

A

Nonspecific defense, B lymphocytes

28
Q

Indirect ELISA test

A
  1. Antigen
  2. Blood, antibodies attach to antigen
  3. 2nd antibody, attach to antibody
  4. Chromogen react signaling antibody presence
29
Q

Why ELISA indirect?

A

Tests for antibodies, not disease