sacrum outline

Question 1

the sacrum is composed of how many vertebral segments?

Answer 1

5 on average

Question 2

what is the shape of the sacrum?

Answer 2

triangular

Question 3

the sacrum is concave on what surface?

Answer 3

anterior

Question 4

the base of the sacrum is composed of what?

Answer 4

S1

Question 5

what is the shape of S1 from a superior view?

Answer 5

reniform

Question 6

the vertebral body of S1 has a distinct superior epiphyseal rim and what type of center?

Answer 6

spongy bone center

Question 7

the pedicle of S1 is short and extends in what direction?

Answer 7

extending posteriorly, with little lateral deviation

Question 8

the superior vertebral notch of S1 is formed from the superior edge of what?

Answer 8

pedicle

Question 9

laterally the pedicle of S1 is continous with what?

Answer 9

transverse process

Question 10

the vertebral foramen of S1 is what shape?

Answer 10

triangular

Question 11

the vertebral foramen of S1 starts the?

Answer 11

sacral canal

Question 12

what is the sacral ala?

Answer 12

a highly modified transverse process

Question 13

what forms the anterior two-thirds of the sacral ala?

Answer 13

costal element

Question 14

what forms the posterior third of the sacral ala?

Answer 14

true transverse process

Question 15

what direction does the superior articular facet of S1 face?

Answer 15

Back, up, medial (BUM)

Question 16

what is variably present on the superior articular process of S1?

Answer 16

mamillary process

Question 17

the spinous tubercle of S1 is found at the union of what?

Answer 17

right and left laminae

Question 18

what makes up the pelvic surface division of the sacrum?

Answer 18

the vertebral bodies of S1-S5, separated by transverse ridges

Question 19

the anterior sacral foramina is the exit for?

Answer 19

ventral primary rami of S1-S4 spinal nerves

Question 20

the costal element of the lateral sacral mass is visible at what vertebral levels?

Answer 20

S1
S2
S3

Question 21

the true transverse process of the lateral mass is visible at what vertebral levels?

Answer 21

S4

S5

Question 22

the anterior protrusion of the superior epiphyseal rim and upper vertebral body of S1 is known as?

Answer 22

sacral promontory

Question 23

on the dorsal surface, the posterior sacral foamina is the exit for?

Answer 23

dorsal primary rami of S1-S4

Question 24

what are the three longitudinal crests on the longitudinal posterior division of the sacrum?

Answer 24

median crest
intermediate crest
lateral crest

Question 25

the median sacral crest is located midsagittally and is formed by what?

Answer 25

fused sacral spinous processes/tubercles of S1-S4

Question 26

the intermediate sacral crest is located just lateral to the median sacral crest and is formed by?

Answer 26

fused articular process of S1-S5

Question 27

the sacral cornu of S5 is the termination of what?

Answer 27

the intermediate sacral crest

Question 28

the sacral cornu is formed from?

Answer 28

modified inferior articular process of S5

Question 29

what is the opening found between the right and left sacral cornuae?

Answer 29

sacral hiatus | exit of the sacral canal

Question 30

the lateral sacral crest is located lateral to the dorsal sacral foramina and formed from?

Answer 30

fused transverse tubercles of S1-S5

Question 31

what does the lateral sacral crest begin with?

Answer 31

sacral tubercle and sacral tuberosity

Question 32

what is the sacral tubercle?

Answer 32

the transverse tubercle of S1

Question 33

what is the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 33

the transverse tubercle of S2

Question 34

where does the lateral crest end?

Answer 34

ends at the inferior sacral angle

Question 35

what three things can be found on the lateral surface of the sacrum?

Answer 35

auricular surface costal element true transverse process

Question 36

the auricular surface of the sacrum is the articular surface for synovial joint with what?

Answer 36

auricular surface of the ilium

Question 37

the auricular surface covers most of the lateral surface through what vertebral levels?

Answer 37

S1-S3

Question 38

the auricular surface is contained entirely within what part of the lateral surface of sacrum?

Answer 38

costal element

Question 39

what is the triangular area covering the antero-lateral surface of S1-S3 and tapers to an end inferior of the auricular surface?

Answer 39

costal element Easy one!

Question 40

what is the part of the lateral surface located posterior to the costal element, extending from S1 to S5?

Answer 40

true transverse process

Question 41

what makes up the inferior portion of the vertebral body and inferior epiphyseal rim of S5?

Answer 41

Apex

Question 42

what extends from the vertebral foramen of S1 to the sacral hiatus at the level of S5?

Answer 42

sacral canal

Question 43

what does the coccyx consist of?

Answer 43

consists of 3-5 rudimentary vertebral segments

Question 44

each vertebrae of coccyx has how many ossification centers?

Answer 44

1 center of ossification

Question 45

superior and inferior surfaces of the Co1 vertebrae may resemble what?

Answer 45

superior and inferior epiphysesal rims

Question 46

Co1 has a transverse process that is small and rudimentary, projecting?

Answer 46

laterally

Question 47

what part of Co1 projects superiorly and formed from rudimentary superior articular process?

Answer 47

coccygeal cornu

Question 48

Co2-Co5 consists of what?

Answer 48

rudimentary vertebral bodies