Seizures and Syncope - Hon Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Seizures and Syncope - Hon Deck (21)
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1
Q

Epilepsy

A

2 or more unprovoked seizures

2
Q

Seizures likely to be detected w/ single EEG

A

Petit mal (absence) - 90%

3
Q

Partial vs. generalized seizure

A

Partial - STARTS in one hemisphere

General - starts in both hemispheres

4
Q

ONLY seizure type W/O L.O.C.

A

Simple partial

5
Q

Tonic

A

Stiffening, rigidity

6
Q

Clonic

A

Jerky movements

7
Q

Focal motor/sensory activity, seconds long, no post-ictal state, no LOC

A

Simple partial

8
Q

Non-responsive staring, MAYBE AURA, automatisms (smacking lips, etc.), 1-3 min, LOC, post-ictal state

A

Complex partial

9
Q

Only seizure types w/o post-ictal state

A

Simple partial, absence (generalized)

10
Q

Bilateral T-C activity, LOC, 1-3 minutes, post-ictal state

A

Secondary generalized

11
Q

Non-responsive staring, automatisms, clonic hand motions, LOC, 10-30 seconds, NO post-ictal state

A

Absence (generalized)

12
Q

Bilateral extension –> symmetrical jerking of extremities

LOC, 1-3 min, post-ictal state

A

Tonic-clonic (generalized)

13
Q

Sudden loss of muscle tone, head drops or patient collapses, LOC, post-ictal state

A

Atonic (generalized)

14
Q

Brief, rapid symmetrical jerking of extremities and/or torso, LOC, VERY SHORT, minimal post-ictal state

A

Myoclonic (generalized)

15
Q

Status epilepticus

A

Prolonged seizure (more than 10 minutes) or repeated seizures WITHOUT recovery of consciousness in between

16
Q

Treatment for status epilepticus

A

A.B.C. –> lorazepam (benzo) (short term) –> Fosphenytoin, Phenobarbital, Valproic acid

17
Q

In general, when treating epilepsy…

A
Use monotherapy (1 drug)
Drug interactions
Long-term side effects
18
Q

Dangers of carbamazepine

A
Interaction with oral contraceptives
Bone loss (long-term)
19
Q

Women with epilepsy (3)

A

Multivitamin w/ folic acid (many AEDs are folate-depleting)
AVOID valproic acid
Newer drugs tend to be better for pregnant women

20
Q

Seizure-specific symptoms

A

GU/GI incontinence
Tongue injury
Tonic/clonic movements
Post-ictal state

21
Q

Syncope symptoms

A

Pallor, sweating, abnormal head sensation, lightheaded, slow onset, brief LOC