Seizures/Epilepsy Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Seizures/Epilepsy Deck (46)
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1
Q

Define focal seizures

A

start on one side of the brain but can spread to the other side

2
Q

Define generalized seizures

A

start on both sides of the brain

3
Q

define tonic movements

A

rigid or tense muscles

4
Q

Define status epilepticus

A

seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes

5
Q

Define how ketogenic diet helps

A

for refractory seizures
4:1 ratio of fat to carb
ketosis leads to a reduction in seizure frequency

6
Q

Ethosuximide is used primarily for what type of seizure

A

absence seizures

7
Q

BZD MOA

A

increase GABA

8
Q

VPA MOA

A

increase GABA

9
Q

phenobarbital MOA

A

enhance potentiate GABA effect

10
Q

Levetiracetam MOA

A

CCB and increase GABA

11
Q

Ethosuximide MOA

A

T-type CCB

12
Q

pregabalin/gabapentin MOA

A

CCB

13
Q

Carbamazepine MOA

A

Na channel blocker

14
Q

Phenytoin MOA

A

Na channel blocker

15
Q

Lamotrigine boxed warning

A

SJS

16
Q

SE of lamotrigine

A

alopecia

-supplement with selenium and zinc

17
Q

VPA and lamotrigine DDI

A

VPA increases lamotrigine levels

18
Q

OC and lamotrigine DDI

A

OC decrease lamotrigine

-specifically the estrogen

19
Q

Levetiracetam IV:PO ratio

A

1:1

20
Q

Topiramate warning and SE

A
metabolic acidosis
oligohidrosis
nephrolithiasis
glaucoma
hyperammoniemia
fetal harm
somnolence
memory problems
weight loss
21
Q

topiramate and OC

A

decrease OC with dose > 200 mg/day

22
Q

VPA therapeutic range

A

50-100 mcg/mL

23
Q

Boxed warning for VPA

A

hepatic failure
fetal harm
pancreatitis

24
Q

Warning and SE of VPA

A

hyperammonemia-treat with carnitine
thrombocytopenia (inc bleeding risk)
alopecia-treat with selenium and zinc
weight gain

25
Q

Carbamazepine brand name

A

Tegretol

26
Q

therapeutic range for CBZ

A

4-12 mcg/mL

27
Q

Boxed warning for CBZ

A

SJS
HLA-B*1502
aplastic anemia
agranulocytosis

28
Q

CI for CBZ

A

myelosupression

29
Q

Warning and SE of CBZ

A

hyponatremia (SIADH)

fetal harm

30
Q

lacosamide brand name

A

vimpat

31
Q

lacosamide warning

A

prolong PR interval-risk for arrhythmias

32
Q

oxcarbazepine brand name

A

trileptal

33
Q

oxcarbazepine warning and SE

A

SJS
HLA-B*1502
hyponatremia

34
Q

phenobarbital therapeutic range

A

20-40 mcg/mL

35
Q

phenobarbital SE

A

habit forming
respiratory depression
fetal harm

36
Q

phenobarbital and OC

A

decrease OC levels

37
Q

Phenytoin brand name

A

Dilantin

38
Q

Fosphenytoin brand name

A

Cerebyx

39
Q

phenytoin IV:PO ratio

A

1:1

40
Q

SE of phenytoin

A

gingival hyperplasia
hair growth
heptatoxcity

41
Q

Gabapentin warnings and SE

A

peripheral edema
somnolence
weight gain

42
Q

what is the prodrug of phenobarbital

A

primidone

43
Q

Vigabatrin boxed warning

A

> 30% of patients have permanent vision loss

44
Q

CI to zonisamide

A

allergy to sulfonamides

45
Q

phenytoin correction calculation

A

total phenytoin measured / [(0.2 x albumin) + 0.1]

46
Q

All patients on AEDs should be supplemented with?

A

Ca and Vit D b/c of bone loss