sem 1: Functions Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in sem 1: Functions Deck (34)
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1
Q

what does the vagal reflex inhibit

A

smooth muscle tone

2
Q

where are mechanoreceptors found for fundic relaxation

A

lower oesophagus

fundic area

3
Q

what two things are involved with fundic relaxation

A

VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)

NO

4
Q

what does the antral region of stomach do

A

mixes/grinds food with gastric secretions

5
Q

what does the pyloric sphincter act as

A

sieve- only allows food particles of a certain size through

6
Q

what does gastric juice contain

A

mucus
pepsinogen
intrinsic factor
lipase

7
Q

what does mucus do

A

secreted by goblet cells and mucus neck cells- acts as a lubricant

8
Q

what does lipase do

A

converts triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol

9
Q

what does pepsin do

A

secreted by chief cells and in involved in protein digestion

10
Q

what does intrinsic factor do

A

secreted by parietal cells- needed for vitamin b12 absorption

11
Q

what is HCL secreted by and used for

A

parietal cells
important in defence
conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin

12
Q

what is a paracrine secretion

A

local hormones- secreted from cells in the mucosa but chemical acts locally on adjacent cells via the interstitial fluid

13
Q

example of paracrine secretion

A

somatostatin

14
Q

what does somatostatin do

A

inhibits gastrin release in the stomach (controls release od acid)

15
Q

what are three examples of exocrine secretions

A

salivary glands
gastric glands
pancreas
liver

16
Q

what is an exocrine secretion

A

secretes in a duct

17
Q

what does the salivary glands secrete

A

mucus- provides lubrication for mastication and speech

18
Q

what do gastric glands secrete

A

hcl
pepsin
mucus

19
Q

what does the pancreas release

A

bicarbonate ions- neutralise of acids in chyme
amylase
lipase
carboxypeptidase

20
Q

what does the liver secrete

A

bile acids- emulsification of fats

21
Q

what is an endocrine secretion

A

secretion straight into the blood- travel to target tissue

ductless glands

22
Q

examples of endocrine secretions

A

gastrin
secretin
pancreozymin/cholecytstokinin
insulin

23
Q

what does gastrin do

A

secreted by G cells in the antrum

important in motility

24
Q

where is secretin secreted

A

duodenal mucosa

25
Q

where is pancreozymin/cholecytstokinin secreted

A

duodenal mucosa

helps contract liver to release bile for lipolysis

26
Q

what does insulin do

A

secreted by pancreas by beta cells

27
Q

where does absorption mainly occur

A

small intestine

28
Q

where does fluid absorption occur

A

small intestine

colon

29
Q

in what case would diarrhoea occur

A

if passes too quickly, faeces will be watery as not enough time for absorption

30
Q

where do indegestible food residues leave the body in

A

faeces

31
Q

drugs and some products of normal metabolism leave body in (4)

A

vomit
faeces
bile
saliva

32
Q

what is the largest lymphoepithelial organ

A

intestine

33
Q

defence mechanisms(5)

A
  • sight/smell/taste
  • vomit reflex
  • HCL
  • natural bacterial flora
  • aggregation of lymphoid tissue (peyers patches)
34
Q

what are peyers patches

A

small patches of lymphatic tissue

mount a response to food bourne antigens- respond to pathogenic microbes