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Module 8: Neurology > Sensory and motor inputs > Flashcards

Flashcards in Sensory and motor inputs Deck (10)
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1
Q

What are the 3 basic functions of neurones?

A
  1. sensory input - collect info about external and internal environments
  2. integration - recieve sensory input, analyse it and decide on an appropriate response
  3. motor output - effects on organs or muscles
2
Q

How are receptors classified?

A
  1. Anatomically - encapsulated or non-encapsulated
  2. Location - exteroreceptor (near body surface, change in external environment) or proprioceptors (sensitive to movement of muscles, tendons and joints)or internoceptors (within viscera, change in internal environment)
3
Q

How is the sensory portion of the PNS classified?

A
  1. Somatic afferent - dendritic zone on/near body surface

2. Visceral afferent - dendritic zone in walls of body viscera

4
Q

How can somatic afferent fibres be subdivided?

A
  1. General somatic afferent (GSA) - touch, temp., proprioception and noxious stimuli. Cranial nerve V and spinal nerves
  2. Special somatic afferent (SSA) - vision (cranial nerve II) and hearing (cranial nerve VIII)
5
Q

How are visceral afferent fibres subdivided?

A
  1. General visceral afferent (GVA) - organ content, distension and chemicals (cranial nerve VII, IX, X to viscera in head; cranial nerve X and spinal nerves to body viscera)
  2. Special visceral afferent (SVA) - taste (cranial nerves VII, IX, X) and olfaction (cranial nerve I)
6
Q

Name the 4 sensory spinal tracts and their function

A

Fasciculus gracilis - proprioceptive input from pelvic limbs
Fasciculus cuneatus - proprioceptive info from thoracic limbs
Dorsal/ventral spinocerebellar tracts - info from cerebellum from coordination
Spinothalmic tracts - info from thalamus about pain, itch, touch and temp

7
Q

How are the motor neurones of the NS classified?

A

Lower motor neurones (LMN) - neurones located in ventral horn of spinal cord/ cranial nerve of brainstem nuclei with motor function
Upper motor neurone (UMN) - originate in motor area of cerebral cortex or brainstem. Carry info to LMN

8
Q

How is the motor part of the PNS classified?

A
  1. General somatic efferent (GSE) - dendritic zone in striated muscle (all cranial nerves except I, II, VIII; ventral nerve roots and spinal nerves)
  2. General visceral efferent (GVE) - dendritic zone in involuntary smooth muscle of viscera (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X, XI; spinal nerves)
9
Q

Name the 5 motor spinal tracts and their function

A
  1. Corticospinal tracts (pyramidal) - motor info directly from cerebral cortex
  2. Rubrospinal tracts (extrapyramidal) - motor info from red nucleus in brainstem
  3. Reticulospinal tracts (extrapyramidal) - motor info from reticular formation in brainstem
  4. vestibulospinal tracts (extrapyramidal) - motor info from vestibular nuclei in brain stem
  5. Tectospinal tracts (extrapyramidal) - motor info from tectal region in brainstem
10
Q

Explain the grading of spinal injuries

A
0 - normal
1 - pain (no neurological deficits)
2 - ambulatory paresis
3 - non-ambulatory paresis
4 - plegia
5 - plegia with absent deep pain sensation