Session 10 - Immunodeficiency Flashcards Preview

ESA 3 - Infection and Immunity > Session 10 - Immunodeficiency > Flashcards

Flashcards in Session 10 - Immunodeficiency Deck (18)
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1
Q

Define an immunocompromised host

A

State in which the immune system is unable to respond appropriately and effectively to infectious MOs

2
Q

What form does infectious disesaes take in immunocompromised hosts?

A

SPUR:

S - severe

P - persistent

U - unusual

R - recurrent

3
Q

How is defective immunity classified?

A

1) Primary Immunodeficiency (ID) - single gene disorder or HLA polymorphism
2) Secondary immunodeficiency - underlying disease affects immune components, decreases production or increases loss.

4
Q

What cells can be defective in primary ID?

A

B cells

T cells

Phagocytes

Complement

5
Q

How do patients with primary AB deficiencies present?

A

1) Recurrent upper and lower RTIs - can lead to lung failure and irreversible damage to lungs
2) GI complications including infetions
3) Increased incidence of autoimmune diseases
4) Increased incidence of lymphoma and gastric carcinoma

6
Q

How do you manage patients with primary AB deficiencies?

A

1) Prophylaxis
2) Immunoglobulin replacement therapy
3) Avoid unnecessary radiation
4) Manage resp function

7
Q

How do patients with phagocyte deficiences present?

A

1) prolonged and recurrent infections
2) skin and mucous membrane ulcers
3) Deep abscesses commonly caused by staph or fungi
4) inflammatory problems

8
Q

How do you manage patients with phagocyte deficiencies?

A

1) prophylaxis
2) antifungals
3) stem cell transplantation

9
Q

What disorder results from a lack of thymus? What other associated abnormalities are associated with this disorder?

A

Di George syndrome

CATCH 22 syndrome

C - Cardiac abnormalities

A - Abnormal facies

T - Thymic hypoplasia

C - Cleft palate

H - Hypocalcaemia

22 - chromosome 22 abnormalities

10
Q

How is the lack of a thymus managed?

A

1) neonatal cardiac surgery
2) supplement to correct hypocalcaemia
3) use only irradiated vaccines, no live ones

11
Q

How does SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) present?

A

1) Failure to thrive
2) long term antibiotic therapy
3) Deep skin and organ abscesses
4) low lymphocyte count

12
Q

How is SCID managed in the short term?

A

1) no live vaccines
2) aggressive treatment of infections
3) prevent new infections

13
Q

How is SCID managed in the long term?

A

1) bone marrow / stem cell transplantation
2) gene therapy

14
Q

How can secondary IDs result?

A

Malnutrition Infection e.g. HIV Liver diseases

Drug induced neutropenia

Splenectomy

15
Q

How do asplenic patients present?

A

increased susceptibility to encapsulated bacteria e.g. H influenzae, neisseria meningitidis

16
Q

How are asplenic patients managed?

A

1) Life long penicillin prophylaxis
2) immunisation against encapsulated bacteria
3) Medic alert bracelet

17
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

1) antibody production - IgM and IgG
2) removal of opsonised microbes
3) removal of immune complexes

18
Q
A