Session 5 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Session 5 - Female Reproductive System Deck (43)
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1
Q

Where do the gonads develop initially and where do they end up?

A

Gonads develop within mesonephric ridge and then descend through the abdomen before stopping gin the pelvis

2
Q

What embryological structures fuse to form the uterus?

A

ParaMesonephric ducts

3
Q

What is the CT capsule of the ovary?

A

tunica albuginea of ovary

4
Q

What is the arterial supply of the ovaries?

A

Ovarian arteries come directly off abdominal aorta just below renal arteries

5
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ovaries?

A
  • Right ovarian vein comes off IVC
  • Left ovarian vein comes off left renal vein which itself comes from IVC
6
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?

A

para aortic nodes

7
Q

What are the 4 parts the uterus is made up of?

A

Fundus
Body
Uterine tubes
Cervix

8
Q
A
9
Q
A
10
Q
A
11
Q
A
12
Q
A
13
Q
A
14
Q

What is the smooth muscle of the uterus called?

A

myometrium

15
Q

What is the internal lining of the uterus called? Which layer is subject to growth and shedding?

A

endometrium

Stratum functionalis

16
Q

What changes occur in the uterus to prepare it duringpregnancy?

A

myometrium undergoes hypertrophy

17
Q

What are the 3 phases of the endometrium? What occurs to hormone secretion during each stage?

A
  1. Proliferative phase of endometrium – oestrogen secreted during folliculogenesis
  2. Secretory phase of endometrium – corpus luteum secretes progesterone which stimulates endometrial glands to secrete glycogen and encriching vascular supply to mucous membrane
  3. Menstrual phase – conceptus failes to implant. Withdrawal of hormones. Changes in vascular supply of endometrium and degeneration of bulk of upper endometrium
18
Q

What is the position of the uterus in relation to the vagina and cervix?

A

AnteVerted – In relation to Vagina
AntifleXed – In relation to the cerviX

19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament?

A

mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium

20
Q

What is the round ligament a remnant of? What canal does it travel through?

A
  • Remnant of gubernaculum
  • Travels through inguinal canal
21
Q

What is the lining of the endocervix and exocervix?

A

Endocervix:

Lined by columnar epithelium

Exocervix:

Stratified squamous non keratinised epithelium.

22
Q

Give the pathway of blood vessels that leads to the uterine artery

A

Abdominal aorta –> common iliac –> internal iliac –> anterior divison of internal iliac –> uterine

23
Q

Give the venous drainage of the uterus. What is the pathway?

A

Uterine venous plexus –> uterine –> internal iliac –> common iliac –> IVC

24
Q

Which lymphatic nodes drain the fundus, body and cervix?

A

Fundus: aortic nodes
Body: external iliac nodes
Cervix: External and internal iliac nodes and sacral nodes

25
Q

What is the epithelium of the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous epithelia

26
Q

What is the venous drainage of the vagina? State the pathway

A

Vaginal Plexus –> Vaginal –> Uterine –> Internal Iliac –> Common Iliac –> IVC

27
Q

What innervates the uterus and vagina?

A

Inferior 1/5th of vagina receives somatic innervation from pudendal nerve S2-S4

Superior 4/5ths of vagina and uterus receives innervation from uterovaginal plexus

28
Q

Where does the pain refer in vaginal/uteral injuries?

A

Above pelvic pain line – pain refers back up
Below pelvic pain line – pain refers locally

29
Q

What are ovarian cysts derived from?

A

Follicles

30
Q

What is salpingitis? What can it lead to and how? How can it result in ectopic pregnancies?

A
  • Inflammation of uterine tube caused by MOs
  • Causes fusions or adhesions of mucosa and can block its lumen leading to infertility
  • Blocked or dysfunctional tubes may result in ectopic pregnancies
31
Q

What is endometriosis? What are the symptoms?

A
  • Ectopic endometrial tissue is dispersed to various sites along the peritoneal cavity and beyond
  • Associated with severe period pain and/or infertility
32
Q

Where is an endoetrial carcinoma likely to occur? What is a symptom?

A
  • Junction between columnar cells of endocervix and squamous cells of exocervix is wher emost neoplasma form
  • Major symptom Is abnormal uterine bleeding
33
Q

What is bartholinitis?

A

infection or inflammation of greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands)

34
Q

What is vaginismus?

A

Reflex of pubococcygeus muscle makes vaginal penetration painful or impossible

35
Q

What is the false and true pelvis?

A

False pelvis = greater pelvis – no obstetric relevance
True pelvis = lesser pelvis – bony canal

36
Q

Where is the obstetric conjugate measured from?

A

measured from sacral promontory to midpoint of pubic symphysis

37
Q

Where is the diagonal conjugate measured from?

A

measured from sacral promontory to inferior border of pubic symphysis

38
Q
A
39
Q

What are the two ligaments of the pelvis?

A

Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament

40
Q
A
41
Q

Where are the common sites of ectopic pregnancy?

A

ampullary, fimbrial, isthmic, interstitial

42
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

43
Q
A