Session 5 - Joints: Elbow, forearm and wrist Flashcards Preview

Semester 2 - MSK > Session 5 - Joints: Elbow, forearm and wrist > Flashcards

Flashcards in Session 5 - Joints: Elbow, forearm and wrist Deck (45)
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1
Q

What are the articulations of the elbow joint?

A

Humerus, Ulna and Radius Humerus - Trochlea - Capitulum - Olecrannon Fossa - Coronoid Fossa - Radial Fossa Ulna - Coronoid process - Trochlear notch - Olecrannon process Radius - Head

2
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Hinge type synovial joint

3
Q

What happens at full extension of elbow?

A

Ulna makes an angle of 170* with the humerus

4
Q

What muscles produce the flexing hinge movemet of the elbow? What muscle extend the elbow?

A

Flexion: Brachialis, Biceps brachii, Brachioradialis Extension: Triceps brachii and Aconeus

5
Q

Describe the capsule of the elbow

A
  • Weak anteriorly and posterioly - Strengthened by collateral ligaments medially and laterally - Capsule of the elbow shares with proximal radioulnar joint
6
Q

What are the two collateral ligaments which strengthen the elbow?

A

The ulna collateral ligament The radial collateral ligament

7
Q

What is the ulna collateral ligament made up of?

A

Three bands - Anterior, Posterior and Oblique (deepens socket for trochlea)

8
Q

Describe the radial collateral ligament of the elbow

A

Fan like, blends with annular ligament

9
Q

What lies underneath the fibrous capsule of the elbow joint?

A

Synovial membrane lines the fibrous capsule and humerus

10
Q

Label the diagram - What are A, B and C?

A

A - Radial collateral ligament B 0 Ulnar collateral ligament C - Annular ligament of radius

11
Q

What is the function of elbow bursae?

A

act to cushion the moving parts of a joint, preventing degenerative damage

12
Q

What are three important bursae of the elbow?

A

Intratendinosus - Formed within the tendon of the triceps brachii Subtendinosus - Found between the olecrannon and tedon of the triceps brachii, reducing friction during extension and flexion Subcutaneous - Found between olecrannon and overlying connective tissue

13
Q

What is subcutaneous bursitis of the elbow?

A

Repeated friction and pressure on the bursa can cause it become inflamed. Because this bursa lies relatively superficially, it can also become infected (e.g cut from a fall on the elbow), and this would also cause inflammation

14
Q

What is subtendinous bursitis?

A

This is caused by repeated flexion and extension of the forearm, commonly seen in assembly line workers. Usually flexion is more painful as more pressure is put on the bursa.

15
Q

What nerves are significant in elbow joint?

A

Radial nerve passes anterior to lateral epicondyle

16
Q

What are the three parts of the radioulnar joints?

A

Proximal Radioulnar joint Interosseous membrane Distal radio ulnar

17
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint formed by?

A

the head of the radius articulating with the radial notch of the ulna

18
Q

What is the head of the radius held in place by?

A

The annular ligament of the radius

19
Q

What prevents friction during movement of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

The anular radial ligament is lined with a synovial membrane

20
Q

What is movement produced by in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

the head of the radius rotating within the anular ligament on the capitulum of the humerus

21
Q

What are the two movements possible at the proximal radioulnar head, and how?

A

Pronation: Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres Supination: Produced by the supinator and biceps brachii

22
Q

What is Hilton’s law?

A

The principle that the nerve supplying a joint also supplies both the muscles that move the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles.

23
Q

What is the interosseous membrane of the radioulna joint?

A

Fibrous joint which allows distribution of force from radius to ulna

24
Q

What does the distal radioulna joint consist of?

A

The head of the ulnar and the ulnar notch on the side of the radius.

25
Q

What strengthens the distal radioulna joint?

A
  • Anterior and posterior ligaments - Fibrocartilaginous ligament called articular disk
26
Q

What are the two roles of the articular disk at the distal radioulna joint?

A
  • Binds the radius and ulna together, and holds them together during movement at the joint - Separates the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist joint
27
Q

What type of joints are the proximal and distal radioulna joints?

A

Pivot

28
Q

What two movements is the distal radioulna joint capable of?

A

Pronation: Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teres Supination: Produced by the supinator and biceps brachii

29
Q

What occurs during pronation and supination of the distal radioulna joint?

A

he ulnar notch of the radius slides anteriorly over the head of the ulnar during such movements.

30
Q

What is the name for the structure which allows twisting of the synovial capsula at the distal radioulna joint?

A

Sacciform recess

31
Q

What is the wrist joint formed from?

A

The wrist joint is formed by the articulation of distal end of the radius, the articular disk and the proximal row of the carpal bones (except the pisiform).

32
Q

What prevents the ulna interacting with the wrist joint?

A

Prevented by articular disk

33
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

A

Synovial, condyloid joint

34
Q

What three things contribbute to stability of wrist joint?

A

The joint capsule, structure of the joint and the associated ligaments

35
Q

How does the joint capsule contribute to stability?

A

The fibrous outer layer attaches to the radius, ulna and the proximal row of the carpal bones. The internal layer is comprised of a synovial membrane, secreting synovial fluid, lubricating the joint

36
Q

How does the structure of the wrist joint contribute to stabiity?

A

Excessive abduction of the wrist is prevented by the radial styloid process.

37
Q

Name four ligaments of the wrist

A

Palmar radiocarpal Dorsal radiocarpal Ulnar collateral Radial collateral

38
Q

What is the function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament, other than stability

A

ensure that the hand follows the forearm during supination

39
Q

What is the function of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament, other than stability

A

ensures that the hand follows the forearm during pronation

40
Q

What movements is the wrist joint capapble of?

A

flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

41
Q

What muscles contribute to flexion of the wrist?

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Palmaris Longus

42
Q

What muscles contribute to extension of the wrist?

A

Extensore Carpi Radialis longus Extensor Carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor pollicis longus extensor indices

43
Q

What muscles contribute to adduction of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris and Flexor carpi ulnaris

44
Q

What muscles contribute to abduction of the wrist?

A

Abductor pollicis longus, Flexor carpi radialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis.

45
Q

What is the vascular supply of the elbow?

A

Arterial anastamoses formed by collateral arteries and recurrent branches of ulnar, radial and interosseous arteries