Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NBCE Part 1 > Set 13 AA, pro and pep, Nucleic Acids Pg 15-16 > Flashcards

Set 13 AA, pro and pep, Nucleic Acids Pg 15-16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

PVT TIM HALL Phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, arginine, leucine, and lycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the semi-essential AAs?

A

histidine and argadine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which AAs have an aromatic ring?

A

Phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Basic (pH) AAs?

A

hisitidine, arginine, and lysine (HAL is a basic guy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the neutral AAs?

A

serine, threonine, asparagine, and glutamine (STAG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the sulfur containing AAs?

A

methionine and cysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What AAs are not glucogenic?

A

leucine and lysine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the branch chain AAs?

A

leucine, isoleucine, and valine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the acidic AAs?

A

glutamate and aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the aliphatic “chain” AAs?

A

(from less to more hydrophilic) glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are food sources of AAs?

A

meats, fish, eggs, dairy, PB, and grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are AAs digested?

A

stomoach and SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What breaks down AAs in the stomach?

A

pepsin, HCL, and rennin (infants and children only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What breaks down AAs in the SI?

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the route of AAs metabolism?

A

transamination then oxidative deamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is removed from AA metabolism, where is it taken and what takes it there?

A

ammonia, taken to the urea cycle by glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two possibilities to the carbon skeletons left after AA metabolism?

A

glucogenic or ketogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 3 AAs donate nitrogen form purines and pyrimidines?

A

glutamine, aspertate, and asparagine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 6 AAs is muscle able to oxidize?

A

Glutamate, aspartate, leucine, valine, isoleucine, and asparagine (my GAL VIA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the other names for the lactic acid cycle?

A

glucose-alanine cycle or cori cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the glucose-alanine cycle make?

A

ammonia from amino acids and lactate from glucose (during exercise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alanine-ammonia=?

A

lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the liver do during the glucose-alanine cycle?

A

converts alanine back into lactate and ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the ammonia and lactate from the glucose-alanina cycle go?

A

ammonia becomes urea, lactate becomes glucose through the process of gluconeogenesis are returns to the muscle

25
Q

What is the function of the urea cycle?

A

to remove ammonia from the body

26
Q

What is the bond between amino acids?

A

peptide bond

27
Q

What is the primary structure of an AA?

A

number and sequence of amino acids which determines protein structure

28
Q

What is the secondary structure for amino acids?

A

alpha helix and beta bend(pleated sheet)

29
Q

What is the tertiary structure of an AA?

A

maximally folded for function

30
Q

What is quaternary structure of an AA?

A

more than one chain

31
Q

What is the sugar in DNA?

A

deoxyribose

32
Q

What is the sugar in RNA?

A

ribose

33
Q

What are the purines?

A

adenine and guanine (All Gems are PURe)

34
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

uracil (RNA), thymine (DNA) and cytosine (CUT the PY)

35
Q

If the phosphate is removed from a nucleotide it is called a:

A

nucleoside

36
Q

What are the bonds in nucleotides?

A

phosphodiester bonds

37
Q

What is the bonds between base pairs?

A

hydrogen bonds

38
Q

What are the base pairs?

A

A/T (D,) A/U (R), G/C

39
Q

Where does DNA replication take place?

A

nucleus

40
Q

What enzyme unwinds DNA?

A

topoisomerase (helicase)

41
Q

What enzyme makes new DNA from parent DNA?

A

DNA polymerase

42
Q

What is mitosis in DNA replication?

A

splitting the doubled 92 chromose DNA into two daughter strands

43
Q

What direction does RNA synthesis occur?

A

5’ to 3’

44
Q

Where does RNA transcription occur?

A

nucleolus

45
Q

What enzyme makes RNA transcription go?

A

RNA polymerase binds to promoter and makes RNA primer strand

46
Q

How many bases are read at a time in RNA synthesis?

A

3

47
Q

When does RNA synthesis end?

A

when it hits the termination sequence, RNA polymerase and primer strand fall off

48
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

messenger, ribosomal, and transfer

49
Q

What is the function of messenger RNA?

A

holds the infromation for AA sequence

50
Q

What is the function of ribosomal RNA?

A

main component of the ribosomal until which moves mRNA along

51
Q

What is the function of transfer RNA?

A

jumps on and off the rRNA, carrying the AA with it

52
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG

53
Q

What are the stop codons?

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

54
Q

What is the order of events to get a protein?

A

DNA to mRNA, where rRNA and tRNA do their jobs, then to protein

55
Q

Glycogenic AA carbon skeletons will form what to make what?

A

Pyruvate or oxaloacetate to make glucose

56
Q

Ketogenic AA carbon skeletons will form what to make what?

A

Form acetyl CoA or Acetoacetyl CoA to make ketones

57
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for helping tRNA form a peptide bond with the AA on the tRNA “next door”

A

Peptidyl transferase

58
Q

What Enzyme allows the AA to be attached to the tRNA

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

NBCE Part 1 (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions