Set 16 Enzymes and Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Most enzymes are:

A

proteins

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2
Q

Enzymes function:

A

speed up reactions

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3
Q

enzyme + cofactor =

A

holoenzyme

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4
Q

enzyme without cofactor:

A

apoenzyme

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5
Q

What regulates enzyme synthesis?

A

steroids

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6
Q

What is a zymogen?

A

protein that becomes an active enzyme when parts are removed

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7
Q

What is the allosteric site?

A

area on enzyme where a compound may bind and change rate of activity

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8
Q

When do enzymes reach maximum velocity?

A

when all binding sites are saturated

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9
Q

What is the function of a kinase?

A

transfers a phosphate

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10
Q

What is the function of an oxidoreductase?

A

move hydrogen (catabolic)

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11
Q

What is the function of NAD?

A

breaks molecules

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12
Q

What is the function of NADH?

A

builds molecules

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13
Q

What does the suffix “ine” mean?

A

AA derivative

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14
Q

What does the suffix “in” mean?

A

peptide

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15
Q

What does the suffix “one” mean?

A

streoid

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16
Q

What is the precursor to epinepherine?

A

tyrosine

17
Q

What stimulates epinepherine?

A

pathways which produce energy

18
Q

Where does insulin come from?

A

islets of langerhans

19
Q

What makes insulin?

A

beta cells

20
Q

What stimulates insulin?

A

energy storage pathways

21
Q

What inhibits insulin?

A

hormone sensitive lipase

22
Q

What stimulates glucagon?

A

glyconeogenesis

23
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

releases glucose into the blodd

24
Q

Where are steroid hormones produced?

A

adrenal cortex

25
Q

What is the precursor for cholesterol?

A

steroid hormones

26
Q

What is the function of glucocorticoids like cortisol?

A

promote gluconeogenesis, increase protein breakdown, and increase ketogenesis

27
Q

What is the function of mineralcorticoids like aldosterone?

A

electrolyte balance, retention of Na, excretion of K, ammonia, and protons

28
Q

RLE: glycolysis

A

PFK

29
Q

RLE: gluconeogenesis

A

Glucose 1,6 bis-phosphates

30
Q

RLE: Krebs cycle

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

31
Q

RLE: HMP shunt (PPP cycle)

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

32
Q

RLE: fatty acid synthesis

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

33
Q

RLE: beta oxidation

A

Carnitine acyltransferase I

34
Q

RLE: urea cycle

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I