Set 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the corticospinal (lateral and anterior) tracts?

A

precise and skilled voluntary movement (threading a needle or writing)

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2
Q

What is the function of the reticulospinal (pontine and medullary) tracts?

A

inhibit or facilitate voluntary movement

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3
Q

What are the neurons of the corticospinal (lateral and anterior) tracts?

A

internuncial neurons or alpha motor neurons

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4
Q

What are the neurons of the reticulospinal (pontine and medullary) tracts?

A

alpha and gamma motor neurons

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5
Q

Where do the corticospinal tracts cross?

A

most cross at decussation of pyramids

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6
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

reflex postural movement to visual stimuli

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7
Q

What are the neurons of the tectospinal tract?

A

alpha and gamma neurons

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8
Q

What is the function of the rubrospinal tract?

A

facilitates flexors and inhibits extensors

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9
Q

What are the neurons of the rubrospinal tract?

A

alpha and gamma neurons

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10
Q

What information does the rubrospinal tract receive?

A

cerebral and cerebellar

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11
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

facilitates extensors and inhibits flexors

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12
Q

What are the neurons of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

alpha and gamma motor neurons

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13
Q

What information does the vestibulospinal tract receive?

A

inner ear and cerebellar information

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14
Q

What is the function of the lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

pain and temperature

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15
Q

What are the pathways of the lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

1st: posterior root ganglion, 2nd: substansia gelatinosa, 3rd: posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus ->postcentral gyrus

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16
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter of the 1st order in the lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

substance P

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17
Q

What is syringomyelia?

A

fluid-filled cyst leads to cape-like (bilateral) loss of pain and temperature (effects lateral spinothalamic)

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18
Q

What is the function of the anterior spinothalamic tract?

A

“protopathic” is defensive to pain, temperature, and crude light touch

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19
Q

What are the pathways of the anterior spinothalamic tract?

A

1st: posterior root ganglion, 2nd: substansia gelatinosa, 3rd: posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus ->postcentral gyrus

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20
Q

What is the function of the dorsal columns (fasciculus cuneatus and fasiculus gracilis)?

A

discriminative touch (2 point), vibration, and conscious proprioception

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21
Q

What are the pathways of the dorsal columns (fasciculus cuneatus and fasiculus gracilis)?

A

1st: posterior root ganglion, 2nd: nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis, 3rd: posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus ->postcentral gyrus

22
Q

Where is fasiculus cuneatus located?

A

above T6

23
Q

Where is fasiculus gracilis located?

A

below T6

24
Q

What issues effect the dorsal columns?

A

diabetes mellitus, postero-lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and tabes dorsales (syphilis)

25
Q

What is the function of the the posterior and anterior spinocerebellar tracts?

A

unconscious proprioception

26
Q

What are the pathways of the posterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

1st: posterior root ganglion, 2nd: nucleus dorsalis (Clark’s column) ascend through inferior cerebellar peduncle to cerebellum

27
Q

What are the pathways of the anterior spinocerebellar tract?

A

1st: posterior root ganglion, 2nd: nucleus dorsalis (Clark’s column) cross segmentally and ascend through superior cerebellar peduncle to cerebellum

28
Q

What levels does Clark’s column span?

A

C8-L4

29
Q

What is the function of the spinotectal tract?

A

spino visual reflexes, movements of eyes and head toward stimulus

30
Q

What are the pathways of the spinotectal tract?

A

1st: posterior root ganglion, 2nd: cross segmentally and ascend to superior colliculus (midbrain)

31
Q

What is the function of the spinoreticular tract?

A

levels of consciouness

32
Q

What are the pathways of the spinoreticular tract?

A

1st: posterior root ganglion, 2nd: ascend to nuclei of reticular formation (brainstem)

33
Q

If the spinoreticular tract is damaged:

A

coma

34
Q

What are ganglia?

A

groups of neuron cell bodies

35
Q

What are peripheral nerves?

A

mostly myelinated axons

36
Q

What cells are found in a posterior root ganglions?

A

unipolar

37
Q

What cells are found in the retina, sensory ganglia of cochlear and vestibular nerves?

A

bipolar

38
Q

What are the spinal roots of the lesser occipital nerve?

A

C2 and C3

39
Q

What is the function of the lesser occipital nerve?

A

sensory of the posterolateral neck

40
Q

What are the spinal roots of the greater auricular nerve?

A

C2 and C3

41
Q

What is the function of the greater auricular nerve?

A

sensory of the ear and parotid gland

42
Q

What are the spinal roots of the transverse cervical nerve?

A

C2 and C3

43
Q

What is the function of the transverse cervical nerve?

A

sensory to the anterior and lateral neck

44
Q

What are the spinal roots of the supraclavicular nerve?

A

C3 and C4

45
Q

What is the function of the supraclavicular nerve?

A

sensory to the shoulder and anterior chest

46
Q

What are the spinal roots of the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1-C4

47
Q

What is the function of the ansa cervicalis?

A

motor to geniohyoid and infrahyoid muscles

48
Q

What is the function of the segmental branches of C1-C5?

A

motor to neck and scalenes, levator, trap and SCM

49
Q

What are the spinal roots of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3, C4, and C5

50
Q

What is the function of the phrenic nerve?

A

motor to diaphragm

51
Q

What is another name for the spinotectal tract?

A

Spino-Quadrigeminal system of Mott