Set 35 Topographical anatomy and endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the planes of the body?

A

mid-sagittal, para-sagittal, transverse, coronal/frontal

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2
Q

Mid-sagittal plane:

A

separates body into an equal left and right

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3
Q

Para-sagittal plane:

A

separates body int an unequal left and right

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4
Q

transverse plane:

A

separates body into superior and inferior

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5
Q

coronal/frontal plane:

A

separates body into anterior and posterior

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

ant: superior belly of omohyoid, post: SCM, Sup: posterior belly of digastric

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A

ant: anterior belly of digastric, post: posterior belly digastric, sup: lower border of mandible

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the triangle of auscultation?

A

Sup: trapezius, inf: latissimus dorsi, lat: scapula, floor: rhomboid major

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9
Q

What are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?

A

sup: teres minor, inf: teres major: med: long head of triceps, lat: humerus

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10
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space?

A

posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the triangular space?

A

sup: teres minor, inf: teres major, lat: long head of triceps

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12
Q

What are the contents of the triangular space?

A

circumflex scapular artery

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13
Q

What is McBurney’s point?

A

used clinically as point of tenderness in appendicitis, between ant abdominal wall and between ASIS and umbilicus

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14
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A

right hypogastric, epigastric, left hypogastric, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac

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15
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A

sup: clavicle/scapula/1st rib, inf: axillary fascia, post: subscapularis, lat: humerus, med: serratus anterior and thoracic wall

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16
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve and tendons of flexors of digits

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17
Q

What are the borders of the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor retinaculum and carpal bones

18
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve and artery, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and femoral canal

19
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

sup: inguinal ligament, med: adductor longus, lat: sartorius

20
Q

Where does a direct inguinal hernia occur?

A

Hesselbach’s triangle

21
Q

What are the boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

lat: inferior epigastric artery, med: rectus abdominus, and inf: inguinal ligament

22
Q

What causes hernias in Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

weakness or defect in the lower abdominal wall

23
Q

Where is the pituitary gland found?

A

sella turcica

24
Q

What bone is the sella turcia found in?

A

sphenoid

25
Q

What is the largest endocrine gland?

A

thyroid

26
Q

What controls the thyroid?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary

27
Q

What does the medulla of the adrenals secrete?

A

epinepherine and norepinepherine

28
Q

What does the cortex of the adrenals secrete?

A

steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineral corticoids, adrenocorticoids) (sweat, salty, sex)

29
Q

What regions is the pancreas in?

A

epigastriac and left hypochondriac

30
Q

Exocrine have:

A

ducts

31
Q

What enzymes are produced by the head of the pancreas?

A

amylase, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, lipase, and tripsin

32
Q

What hormones are produced by the tail of the pancreas?

A

insulin from beta cells and glucagon secreted by alpha cells

33
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

near center of the brain between the hemispheres

34
Q

What is produced in the pineal gland?

A

melatonin

35
Q

What surrounds the entire muscle?

A

epimysium

36
Q

What surrounds muscle fascicles?

A

perimysium

37
Q

What surrounds muscle fibers?

A

endomysium

38
Q

What surrounds the entire nerve?

A

epineurium

39
Q

What surrounds nerve fascicles?

A

perineurium

40
Q

What surrounds nerve fibers?

A

endoneurium

41
Q

Outermost layer of the blood vessel?

A

tunica adventia

42
Q

Innermost layer of the blood vessel?

A

tunica intima