Set 36 Pathology

Question 1

What are the three types of arteriosclerosis?

Answer 1

Monckeberg, Obliterans, Peripheral

Question 2

Monckenburg arteriosclerosis:

Answer 2

calcified tunica media, medium sized arteries

Question 3

Obliterans arterioslcerosis:

Answer 3

proliferation intima, small vessels, obliterates artery

Question 4

Peripheral arteriosclerosis:

Answer 4

in extremities

Question 5

What is an aortic aneurysm?

Answer 5

localized dilation of the aorta

Question 6

What is a dissecting aneurysm?

Answer 6

longitudinal cleavage of the arterial media by a column of blood “tearing pain”

Question 7

Where is the most common dissecting aneurysm?

Answer 7

abdominal aorta

Question 8

Where does a Berry aneurysm take place?

Answer 8

Circle of Willis (anterior communicating)

Question 9

What is a berry aneurysm?

Answer 9

subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, hereditary, Circle of Willis (anterior communicating)

Question 10

What is occipital throbbing headaches in the morning a sign of?

Answer 10

hypertension

Question 11

What % of people have BP of over 140/90?

Answer 11

50%

Question 12

What are the 4 types of HBP?

Answer 12

essential (idiopathic), secondary, benign, malignant

Question 13

Essential HBP:

Answer 13

idiopathic

Question 14

Secondary HBP:

Answer 14

sodium retention, and ^ peripheral resistance

Question 15

Benign HBP:

Answer 15

earliest phase of hypertension

Question 16

Malignant HBP:

Answer 16

papilledema, fibrinoid necrosis of tunica media, acute ischemia

Question 17

Hypertensive heart disease:

Answer 17

systemic hypertension, increased work for left ventricle, causes hypertrophy and eventual failure

Question 18

Patent ductus arteriosus:

Answer 18

congenital failure of closure between the pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 19

What is the effect of rheumatic fever on the heart?

Answer 19

mitral and aortic valves affected, mitral valve typically involved first

Question 20

Microcytic hypochormic anemia:

Answer 20

iron deficiency in women, childbearing years, chronic hemorrhage

Question 21

Macrocytic normochromic:

Answer 21

pernicious: low B12 absorption, posterolateral sclerosis, loss of parietal cells (in old age)

Question 22

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy:

Answer 22

(most common form of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy), gradual cardiac failure with hypertrophy/dilation of the heart, causes: viral myocarditis(cox sackie), hemochromatosis, chornic anemia, alcoholism, sarcoidosis, amd 3rd tri pregnancy

Question 23

Hypertrophic diastolic disorder:

Answer 23

hyper muscular hyper-contracting heart, causes: congenital, friedreich’s ataxia, glycogen storage disease, infants of diabetic mothers

Question 24

Restrictive diastolic disorder:

Answer 24

diastole and LV filling impeded, causes: amyloidosis, radiation-induced fibrosis, found in children

Question 25

Over 10 mins, rule out:

Answer 25

myocardial infarction

Question 26

Types of Angina:

Answer 26

typical/stable, unstable/crescendo, prinzmetal

Question 27

typical angina caused by:

Answer 27

activity, emotional excitement, increased cardiac work

Question 28

unstable angina caused by:

Answer 28

close to myocardial infarction, increased frequency, prolonged duration

Question 29

prinzmetal angina caused by:

Answer 29

occurs at rest, coronary artery spasm

Question 30

What are myocardial infarctions?

Answer 30

ischemic heart disease

Question 31

transmural infarct:

Answer 31

full or nearly full thickness of ventricular wall

Question 32

subendocardial infarct:

Answer 32

inner 1/3 or at most 1/2 of ventricular wall