Sexually-transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common STI?

A

Chlamydia

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2
Q

How is chlamydia transmitted?

A

Vaginal
Anal
Oral

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3
Q

In what age group is the highest incidence of chlamydia?

A

20-24 year olds

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4
Q

How does chlamydia typically present in a female?

A

Bleeding
Lower abdo pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis

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5
Q

How does chlamydia typically present in a male?

A

Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Urethritis

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6
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

Doxycycline used increasingly due to resistance

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7
Q

What kind of organism is N. gonnorrhoea?

A

Gram negative intracellular diplococcus

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8
Q

How does gonnorrhoea typically present in males?

A

Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Pharyngeal/rectal infections mostly asymptomatic

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9
Q

How does gonorrhoea typically present in a female?

A

Dysuria
Pelvic pain
Vaginal discharge
Asymptomatic in up to 50%

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10
Q

Is gonorrhoea sensitive to culture?

A

Yes

Can also do microscopy or NAAT

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11
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone IM

Azithromycin (prevent chlamydia)

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12
Q

If ceftriaxone is contraindicated, what is the 2nd line treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Cefixime

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13
Q

How long does genital herpes usually last?

A

14-21 days following incubation of 3-6 days

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14
Q

How does genital herpes typically present?

A
Blistering/ulceration
Pain
Extreme dysuria
Discharge
Lymphadenopathy
Fever
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15
Q

Is it more common to get genital herpes via HSV1 or HSV2?

A

HSV2

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16
Q

How is genital herpes treated?

A

Aciclovir
Topical lidocaine if painful
Saline bathing

17
Q

Viral shedding for HSV1 is higher than HSV2. True/False?

A

False

HSV2 viral shedding higher than HSV1

18
Q

What is the most common viral STI in the UK?

A

HPV (causing genital warts)

19
Q

What is the incubation period of HPV?

A

3 weeks to 9 months

20
Q

Which strain of HPV is the most common cause of warts?

A

6 and 11

21
Q

How are genital warts caused by HPV treated?

A

Podophyllotoxin (Warticon)
Imiquimod
Cryotherapy
Electrocautery

22
Q

Which organism causes syphillis?

A

Treponema pallidum

23
Q

What are the main modes of transmission of syphilis?

A

Sexual contact
Trans-placental
Blood transfusion

24
Q

What are the 5 stages of syphilis?

A
Primary
Secondary
Early latent
Late latent
Tertiary
25
Q

What are the features of primary syphilis?

A

Chancre
Lesions at site of innocculation
Non-tender lymphadenopathy

26
Q

What are the features of secondary syphilis?

A
Maculopapular rash
Palms and soles affected
Generalised lymphadenopathy
Alopecia
Condylomata lata
27
Q

What are the 2 groups of tests that are down to diagnose syphilis?

A

Microscopy + PCR to detect organism

Serological testing

28
Q

What are the non-specific serological tests for syphilis?

A

VDRL

RPR

29
Q

What are the specific serological tests for syphilis?

A

TPPA
ELISA
FT antibody absorption
INNO-LIA

30
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

Penicillin injections