Sick Term Infant Flashcards

1
Q

the apgar scoring stands for appearance (skin colour), pulse, grimace (reflex irritability), activity (muscle tone) and respiration - what would give a score of 0, 1 or 2 in those categories?

A

appearance

  • 0 = blue or pale
  • 1 = blue in extremities / body pink
  • 2 = no cyanosis

pulse

  • 0 = absent
  • 1 = <100
  • 2 >100

grimace

  • 0 = no response
  • 1 = grimace / feeble cry when stimulated
  • 2 = cry or pull away when stimulated

activity

  • 0 = none
  • 1 = some flexion
  • 2 = flexed arms and legs that resist extension

respiration

  • 0 = absent
  • 1 = weak, irregular, gasping
  • 2 = strong cry
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2
Q

what is the normal respiratory rate for a newborn?

A

40-60 / minute

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3
Q

what is the normal heart rate for a newborn?

A

120-140 / minute

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4
Q

what is the normal SaO2 levels for a newborn?

A

95%

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5
Q

what is the initial management for a sick term infant?

A

temperature

airway and breathing - oxygen?

circulation - fluids, inotropes?

metabolic homeostasis - glucose management, acid base balance correction?

antibiotics

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6
Q

what is the ongoing management for a sick term infant?

A

diagnostic work up

further support - ventilation, drugs, specific therapy (eg therapeutic cooling), surgery or transfer?

care of family

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7
Q

what bacterium are likely to cause infection in term infant?

A
group B strep 
e. coli 
listeria myocytogenes 
staph aureus 
staph epidermis
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8
Q

what viruses are likely to cause infection in term infant?

A

cytomegalovirus
parvovirus
herpes virus
enterovirus

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9
Q

what is hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy?

A

multi organ damage due to tissue hypoxia

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10
Q

how is hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy diagnosed and treated?

A

poor apgar scores

requires active resuscitation

*variable neurodevelopmental prognosis

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11
Q

what pregnancy / birth related respiratory problems can arise in term infant?

A

transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)

pneumothorax - spontaneous vs 2o active resuscitation

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12
Q

what pregnancy / birth related cardiac problems can arise in term infant?

A

heart failure due to hydrops foetalis (caused by rhesus disease or can be chromosomal)

failure to adapt to postnatal life due to PPHN

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13
Q

what are the symptoms of hydrops foetalis?

A

severe abdominal swelling

swollen liver

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14
Q

what congenital diseases can cause cardiac problems in term infant?

A
tetralogy of fallot 
transposition of great arteries
coarctation of the aorta
TAPVD
hypoplastic heart
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15
Q

what congenital diseases can cause respiratory problems in term infant?

A

tracheo-oesophageal fistula

diaphragmatic hernia

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16
Q

what neurological congenital anomalies can occur?

A

microecphaly

spina bifida

17
Q

what renal congenital anomalies can occur?

A

potters syndrome

18
Q

what muscular congenital anomalies can occur?

A

myotonic dystrophy

19
Q

what metabolic diseases can occur in term infant?

A

hypoglycaemia

  • related to reduced reserves
  • related to maternal disease

acidosis
- inborn error of metabolism