Skin 3 - Epithelial Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the epithelial tumors?

A

1) seborrheic keratosis 2) acanthosis nigracans 3) basal cell carcinoma 4) squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis?

A

Benign squamous proliferation; common tumor in the elderly

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3
Q

What does seborrheic keratosis present as?

A

raised, discolored plaques on the extremities or face; often has a coinlike, waxy, stuck-on appearance

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4
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis characterized by?

A

keratin pseudocysts on histology

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5
Q

What is a sign involved with seborrheic keratosis?

A

Leser-Trelat sign is the sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses and suggests underlying carcinoma of the GI tract

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6
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans?

A

Epidermal hyperplasia with darkening of the skin, velvet-like skin; often involves the axilla or groin

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7
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

insulin resistance (e.g., non-insulin-dependent diabetes) or malignancy (especially gastric carcinoma)

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8
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A

Malignant proliferation of the basal cells of the epidermis

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9
Q

What is the most common cutaneous malignancy?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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10
Q

What are the risk factors for basal cell carcinoma?

A

stem from UVB-induced DNA damage and include prolonged exposure to sunlight, albinism, and xeroderma pigmentosum

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11
Q

What does basal cell carcinoma present as?

A

an elevated nodule with a central, ulcerated crater surrounded by dilated (telangiectatic) vessels, pink, pearl-like papule

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12
Q

What is the classic location for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Classic location is the upper lip

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13
Q

What does the histology for basal cell carcinoma show?

A

nodules of basal cells with peripheral palisading

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14
Q

What is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?

A

surgical excision; metastasis is rare.

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15
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

malignant proliferation of squamous cells

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16
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma characterized by?

A

formation of keratin pearls

17
Q

What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

stem from UVB-induced DNA damage and include prolonged exposure to sunlight, albinism, and xeroderma pigmentosum.

18
Q

What are the additional risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

they include immunosuppressive therapy, arsenic exposure, and chronic inflammation (eg scar from burn or draining sinus tract)

19
Q

What does squamous cell carcinoma present as?

A

an ulcerated, nodular mass, usually on the face (classically involving the lower lip)

20
Q

What is the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

it is excision; metastasis is uncommon.

21
Q

What is a precursor lesion of squamous cell carcinoma and how does it present?

A

Actinic keratosis and presents as a hyperkeratotic, scaly plaque, often on the face, back, or neck.

22
Q

What is Keratoacanthoma?

A

it is well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that develops rapidly and regresses spontaneously

23
Q

How does keratoacanthoma present?

A

as a cup-shaped tumor filled with keratin debris