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Sc 23 - Head and neck Neuroanatomy > Skull > Flashcards

Flashcards in Skull Deck (27)
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1
Q

Cranium

- protects brain and sensory organs

A

Formed of two parts:-

  • Neurocranium
  • Visceocranium
2
Q

Neurocranium

  • formed of a skull cap (CALVARIA),
  • a cranial base (BASICRANIUM)
  • an intercranial region (inner surface of base of skull)
A

formed of 8 bones :-
singular bones - Frontal, Ethmoidal , Occipital
paired bones - Temporal, Parietal

3
Q

Viscerocranium

- comprises the FACIAL BONES in the anterior part of the cranium

A
Singular bones: -
- Mandible and Vomer
Paired:-
- Maxilla, Inferior Nasal Conchae*, Zygomatic, Palatine, Nasal and Lacrimal
*called turbinates in some textbooks
4
Q

Mandible

A

Only movable joint of the cranium
articulates with the cranial base : TMJ
- temporomandibular joint

5
Q

What bones make up the NASAL SEPTUM?

*important exam question

A
  • Perpendicular plate of the ETHMOID BONE

- VOMER

6
Q

Pterion

A

Susceptible to fractures

  • weak point of the skull
  • located two finger breadths superior and lateral to the edge of the orbit
7
Q

Frontal bone

A

forms part of the TOP OF THE HEAD

also forms the ROOF OF THE ORBITS

8
Q

Parietal bones

A

form lateral walls and roof of the cranium

divided approx mid sagitally

9
Q

Occipital bone

A

Posterior region of the skull

10
Q

Temporal bones

A

Form the INFERIOR LATERAL WALLS and part of the floor of the cranium

11
Q

Sphenoid bone

- most complex bone in the body

A

shaped like a BUTTERFLY
unites the cranial and facial bones
Articulates with every other cranial bone and also the palatine bones, zygomatic bones, maxillae and vomer

12
Q

Ethmoid bone

A
  • positioned between the orbits
  • forms the anteromedial floor of the cranium, roof of the nasal cavity, part of the medial wall of each orbit and part of the nasal septum
13
Q

Maxilla bone

A

Forms central part of the facial skeleton

Two unite to form the upper jaw

14
Q

Palatine bones

A

Small bones, distinct L shape

Form part of the hard palate, nasal cavity and eye orbit

15
Q

Zygomatic bones

A.K.A Cheek bones

A

form lateral wall of each orbit and the cheeks

16
Q

Lacrimal bone

A

SMALLEST BONES IN THE SKULL
Form part of the medial wall of each orbit
Have a groove that provides a passageway for the tear duct, which drains into the nasal cavity

17
Q

Nasal bones

*often fractures by blows to the nose

A

Forms bridge of the nose

Lateral side articulates with the medial edge of the maxilla.

18
Q

Vomer bone

A

Forms interior posterior part of the nasal septum.
Articulates along midline with both the MAXILLAE and the PALATINE bones
“Wings” articulate superiorly with the sphenoid bone and the perpendicular plate of the Ethmoid bone
- forming together the bony NASAL SEPTUM

19
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae Bone

A

located in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
help create turbulence in inhaled air
has superior and middle counterparts that are part of the ethmoid bone

20
Q

Mandible bone

A

Forms the entire lower jaw

Supports the lower teeth and provides attachment for the muscle of MASTICATION.

21
Q

Rhinorrhae

A

CSF leaking out after fracture of the nose

22
Q

Skull air sinuses

  • 4 main pairs of cavities in skull
  • contains air and mucus which drains through them and out of the nose
A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Maxillary (largest one)
23
Q

Sutures

A
FIBROUS JOINTS (synarthroses) between bones of the skull, become increasingly immobile and ossified with age.
Everyone has a different suture pattern
24
Q

Bregma point

Lambda point

A

Bregma - crossover of coronal and sagittal suture

Lambda- crossover of sagittal and lambdoid suture

25
Q

Occipital condyle

A

Articulates with the Atlas

*skull articulates with the cervical spine via the Occipital Condyle

26
Q

Movements of the Cervical Spine

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Lateral flexion (side-to-side)
  • Rotation
27
Q

Cervical spine

A

Top 7 cervical vertebrae provide support for the neck structures