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S&F II: Exam 3 > Sleep > Flashcards

Flashcards in Sleep Deck (18)
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0
Q

Melatonin

A

Synthesized and secreted by pineal gland; modulates brainstem circuits regulating sleep-wake cycle

1
Q

Cataplexy

A

Emotionally triggered muscle weakness

2
Q

Sleep Gate

A

Time of maximum sleep drive and minimum circadian drive

3
Q

Stage 2 Sleep

A

low frequency, high amplitude; K-complex patterns appear

*Presence of sleep spindles
bursts of high frequency

4
Q

Stage 3 Sleep

A

Deepest level of sleep; delta waves

*Sleepwalking; tossing and turning can occur

5
Q

REM Sleep

A

EEG similar to awake state; duration increases w/ each cycle

Dreaming, increased emotion, bp, hr

  • Paralysis of large muscles
  • Adults spend ~25% of sleep here
6
Q

REM Rebound

A

When deprived of REM sleep, person will immediately go into this sleep @ next opportunity

7
Q

Thalamus activity during sleep

A

Gates sensory info

8
Q

Falling Asleep

A

Adenosine builds up; VLPO sends inhibitory signal to arousal centers

9
Q

Waking Up

A

SCN generates wake-up cues to inhibit VLPO

10
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

Interrupted breathing during sleep due to partial blockage of airways

  • Pt. chronically tired due to waking up in night
  • Obesity=major factor
11
Q

SIDS

A

Infants unable to arouse during episode of apnea

=>baby sleeping on back may prevent

12
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Periods of frequent REM sleep during the day; due to a loss of OH-neurons

  • Cataplexy may be present
  • Pt. may have hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and disrupted nighttime sleep
13
Q

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

A

Individuals act out aggressive dreams

  • Prevention of normal muscle paralysis
  • Assoc. w/ increased incidence of Parkinson’s
14
Q

K-waves

A

high amplitude waveform observed by EEG during stage 2 of sleep

15
Q

Sleep cycles

A

N3 sleep occurs after first REM but NOT AGAIN

-REM sleep duration increases w/ every cycle; cycles occur every 90 mins

16
Q

Caffeine effects on sleep

A

Blocks adenosine; possible cause of insomnia

17
Q

Central apnea

A

Insufficient efferent signal sent to diaphragm; can cause complete cessation of breathing

-Severe form of Odine’s curse