Sleep Disorders (Part 2) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Sleep Disorders (Part 2) Deck (34)
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1
Q

What are parasomnias?

A

A group of sleep disorders that involve unwanted events or experiences while falling asleep, asleep or waking up

2
Q

What is the persons awareness of parasomnias?

A

They are asleep throughout the event and often have no memory of it

3
Q

Which type of parasomnias will involve a) narrative dreaming and b) non-narrative dreaming?

A

a) REM parasomnias b) non-REM parasomnias

4
Q

Which type of parasomnias would cause sleep deprivation?

A

Non-REM

5
Q

What are some examples of non-REM parasomnias?

A

Confusional arousals, sleep walking, sleep terrors, sleep paralysis, restless legs

6
Q

Which type of parasomnias will involve a) complex behaviours? b) simple behaviours?

A

a) non-REM b) REM

7
Q

When do non-REM parasomnias usually occur?

A

First 2/3rds of the night

8
Q

When do sleep terrors usually occur?

A

Mainly in childhood

9
Q

What happens in REM sleep behaviours?

A

You act out vivid dreams as you sleep

10
Q

When do REM sleep behaviours usually occur?

A

The latter third of the night

11
Q

Compared to non-REM parasomnias, is it harder or easier to wake up people during REM sleep behaviour?

A

Easier

12
Q

What happens when people with REM sleep behaviour wake up with regards to memory?

A

They can recall clear details of the vivid dream

13
Q

Does REM sleep behaviour have a cause?

A

No, usually idiopathic

14
Q

REM sleep behaviour is often seen preceding what condition?

A

Parkinson’s disease

15
Q

What is the sex distribution of narcolepsy? Describe the age of onset?

A

Equal, variable age of onset with two peaks at 15 and 36

16
Q

What are the characteristic features of narcolepsy?

A

Daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucination, sleep paralysis

17
Q

Describe the daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy?

A

Involuntary solemnness during eating/talking, may be impossible to resist

18
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

A loss of muscle tone, triggered by emotion

19
Q

What is the patients awareness state during an attack of cataplexy?

A

Aware of what’s going on, can see and hear but can’t move

20
Q

Cataplexy is present in what proportion of cases of narcolepsy?

A

70%

21
Q

What are hypnagogic hallucinations?

A

Hallucinations occurring at sleep onset

22
Q

What is the typical time between onset and diagnosis of narcolepsy?

A

10 years

23
Q

When do symptoms of narcolepsy often begin?

A

As a teenager

24
Q

What are the three main investigations for narcolepsy?

A

Overnight polysomnography, multiple sleep latency tests, lumbar puncture

25
Q

What happens in multiple sleep latency tests?

A

4x25 minute naps are scheduled about 2 hours apart and EEG, muscle activity and eye movement are recorded

26
Q

What does a sleep latency test measure?

A

The time from the start of a daytime nap to the first signs of sleep

27
Q

Will narcolepsy patients fall asleep quickly or slowly? What is abnormal about how they fall asleep?

A

Quickly, go into REM sleep first which is abnormal

28
Q

What is a lumbar puncture used for in the investigation of narcolepsy?

A

CSF hypocretin, low levels (< 110) are associated with narcolepsy

29
Q

What are the rules with narcolepsy and driving?

A

Driving should be stopped until control is achieved, they will never be able to drive buses/lorries

30
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep for the desired amount of time

31
Q

What are some symptoms of insomnia?

A

Daytime sleepiness, irritability, low energy, depressed mood

32
Q

Describe what happens in confusional arousals?

A

People act in a strange and confused way as they wake up or just after - may appear that they don’t know where they are or what they are doing

33
Q

Describe what happens in sleep terrors?

A

Wake up in intense fear with hardly any/no memory of having a bad dream

34
Q

Describe what happens in sleep paralysis?

A

Causes you to be unable to move your body when you are falling asleep or waking up