Sm Intestine and Colon Path Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of acute diarrhea

A

infectious diarrhea

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2
Q

Dx of C diff colitis

A

PCR of stoool

for toxin-producing strains

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3
Q

Ulcerative colitis vs Crohn’s disease

A

UC: continuous, confluent inflammatory changes of mucosa (not transmural) that begins in rectum
Crohn’s: transmural skip lesions

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4
Q

Which may involve small bowel? UC or Crohn’s

A

Crohn’s

UC only affects colon

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5
Q

UC manifestations

A

blood diarrhea, proctitis

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6
Q

Crohn’s manifestations

A

variable, abdominal pain, mild diarrhea, fever

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7
Q

Indeterminant colitis

A

overlap of UC and Crohn’s

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8
Q

Serology
UC
Crohn’s

A

UC: pANCA +
CD: ASCA +

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9
Q

UC complications

A

megacolon
fistula formation
colitis-associated dysplasia –> adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

Crohn’s complications

A

fistula formation

colitis-associated dysplasia –> adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

Quiescent colitis

A

persistent crypt architectural distortion w/o active inflammation

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12
Q

Diversion colitis

A

colitis of blind distal segment that is excluded from fecal stream
following surgery to form ostomy
caused by short-chain FA deficiency

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13
Q

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

A

transmural necrosis –> bacterial overgrowth –> gas formation (pneumocosas intestinalis)

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14
Q

Microscopic colitis

types

A

lymphocytic colitis

collagenous colitis

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15
Q

Lymphocytic colitis
disease category
findings

A

microscopic colitis
increased lamina propria chronic inflammation, plasma cells, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes and surface epithelial damage

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16
Q

Collagenous colitis
disease category
findings

A

microscopic colitis

band of subepithelial collagen + inflammatory changes

17
Q

Presentation of microscopic colitis

A

watery diarrhea

gross colonoscopy benign

18
Q

Drug induced enterocolitis
colonoscopy findings
drugs

A

patchy, superficial ulcers

NSAIDs, chemo, Abx –> C. diff, graft-v-host

19
Q

IBS Dx

A

clinically

chronic relapsing syndrome, often either diarrhea- or constipation-predominant

20
Q

Ischemic bowel disease

etiologies

A

arterial/venous obstruciton

hypoperfusion

21
Q

Likely bowel segments affected by ischemic bowel disease

A

at water shed areas

ie splenic flexure, rectal area

22
Q

Complications of ischemic bowel disease

A

transmural necrosis

23
Q

Angiodysplasia

A

malformed submucosal and mucosal blood vessels

Dx: colonoscopy

24
Q

Outpouchings of diverticuli are commonly seen in this area

A

where vessels or nerves penetrate mucosal layer

–> when they perf, they bleed

25
Q

Tx of diveriticulitis

A

clear liquid diet (bowel rest)
Abx
high fiber
surgery

26
Q

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome

etiology

A

malfunction of puborectalis muscle –> excessive straining

rectal mucosal prolapse –> ulcers and polypoid lesions

27
Q

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome

manifestations

A

young

blood in stool, alternating diarrhea and constipation