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Gross II Unit 3 > Small Intestine > Flashcards

Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

7 meters

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2
Q

Where does absorption of nutrients occur almost entirely?

A

Small intestine

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3
Q

What does the large intestine mainly absorb?

A

Water

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4
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

C-shaped tube that surrounds the head of the pancreas

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5
Q

How long is the duodenum?

A

25 centimeters

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6
Q

What is the shortest and widest part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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7
Q

What part of the duodenum runs to the right?

A

Superior (first) part

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8
Q

What is the beginning of the superior part of the duodenum called?

A

Duodenal cap (ampulla)

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9
Q

Why is the duodenal cap (ampulla) radiogically significant?

A

Trappage of gas occurs here and is visible on x-ray

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10
Q

What part of the duodenum contains the junction of the foregut and midgut where the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty?

A

Descending (second) part

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11
Q

What is the longest part of the duodenum that runs to the left, anterior to the inferior vena cava, and vertebral column?

A

Inferior or horizontal (third) part

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12
Q

What part of the duodenum ascends to the left of the aorta and terminates at the duodenojejunal flexure?

A

Ascending (fourth) part

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13
Q

What is significant about the distal end of the four part of the duodenum?

A

Can also be intraperitoneal

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14
Q

What is the fibromuscular band which extends from the diaphragm to the duodenojejunal flexure called?

A

Suspensory muscle (ligament) of the duodenum

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15
Q

The duodenum is entirely retroperitoneal except what part?

A

Duodenal cap (freely moveable)

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16
Q

What vessels pass anterior to the third part of the duodenum?

A

Superior mesenteric artery and vein

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17
Q

What is the blood supply to the duodenum?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal, supraduodenal, and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

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18
Q

The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch from where?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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19
Q

The supraduodenal artery is a branch from where?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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20
Q

The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch from where?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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21
Q

What does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery specifically supply?

A

Third and fourth parts of the duodenum

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the duodenum?

A

Autonomic fibers from the celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses

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23
Q

What is a duodenal ulcer?

A

Mucosa in the duodenum is eroded to form a crater-like depression

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24
Q

Where are duodenal ulcer most commonly found and why?

A

In the duodenal cap due to its proximity to the pyloric sphincter, which is the most acidic area

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25
Q

What other organs can be damaged by a perforated duodenal ulcer due to their proximity?

A

Liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

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26
Q

What is a perforated duodenal ulcer?

A

When the contents escape into the peritoneal cavity causing peritonitis

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27
Q

What is the pathway for fluid traveling with a perforated duodenal ulcer?

A

Subhepatic recess to the right paracolic gutter to the right iliac fossa

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28
Q

Erosion of what artery by a perforated duodenal ulcer can result in severe hemorrhage?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

29
Q

What is the chiropractic note on duodenal ulcers?

A

Midthoracic subluxations are associated with them, and the greater splanchnic nerve supplies sympathetic innervation to the duodenum above the entrance of the common bile duct

30
Q

The jejunum makes up what part of the small intestine?

A

Proximal 2/5 distal to the duodenum

31
Q

The ileum makes up what part of the small intestine?

A

Distal 3/5 of the small intestine

32
Q

The jejunum lies mostly in what quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Left upper quadrant

33
Q

The ileum occupies what quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Right lower quadrant

34
Q

What is the location where the ileum joins the cecum called?

A

Ileocecal junction

35
Q

Are the jejunum and ileum retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal and therefore mobile

36
Q

The jejunum and ileum are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by what?

A

Mesentery

37
Q

What are the vasa recta?

A

Straight terminal branches of the arteries which travel through the mesentery to supply the small intestine

38
Q

Where are the most nutrients specifically absorbed in the GI tract?

A

Jejunum

39
Q

What are the circular folds found within the small intestine called?

A

Plicae circulares

40
Q

Where are the plicae circulares found in the SI?

A

Mucosa

41
Q

What is the purpose of the plicae circulares?

A

Increase surface area for absorption and slow the passive of material

42
Q

What are the Peyer’s patches of the SI?

A

Aggregations of lymphoid tissue found within its walls

43
Q

What is the color of the jejunum and ileum, respectively?

A

Dark red, pale pink

44
Q

What is the vascularity of the jejunum and ileum, respectively?

A

Greater, lesser

45
Q

Why is the jejunum more vascular than the ileum?

A

More blood flow to facilitate absorption

46
Q

What is the diameter of the jejunum and ileum, respectively?

A

Larger, smaller

47
Q

Why does the jejunum have a larger diameter than the ileum?

A

Because it has more surface area

48
Q

What are the walls like of the jejunum and ileum, respectively?

A

Thicker, thinner

49
Q

What are the vasa recta like of the jejunum and ileum, respectively?

A

Longer, shorter

50
Q

What is the mesenteric fat amount of the jejunum and ileum, respectively?

A

Less, more

51
Q

What are the plicae circulares like of the jejunum and ileum, respectively?

A

Tall, many; short, few

52
Q

In which part of the small intestine are Peyer’s patches absent and present?

A

Absent in the jejunum and present in the ileum

53
Q

Why are there more Peyer’s patches found in the ileum?

A

Due to higher bacterial count in that area

54
Q

What is the blood supply to the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunal and ileal branches of the superior mesenteric artery

55
Q

What is the innervation of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Autonomic fibers from the superior mesenteric plexus

56
Q

What part of the small intestine is responsible for absorbing fat-soluble viitamins, B12, and bile salts?

A

Ileum

57
Q

What is a common malformation of the digestive tract?

A

Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum

58
Q

Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum is a remnant of what embryologic feature?

A

Vitelline duct

59
Q

What is Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum?

A

A fingerlike pouch that projects from the distal ileum made of all layers of the ileum and may contain gastric or pancreatic tissue, as well

60
Q

What is the danger of the Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum containing gastric tissue?

A

Gastric tissue can release acid

61
Q

When the gastric tissue of Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum releases acid, what can occur?

A

The diverticulum often becomes inflames, mimicking appendicitis

62
Q

What condition of the GI tract mimics appendicitis?

A

Ileal (Meckel’s) Diverticulum

63
Q

What is Crohn’s Disease?

A

An inflammatory bowl disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract

64
Q

Where does Crohn’s Disease usually affect?

A

Distal ileum and adjacent colon

65
Q

What is unique about Crohn’s Disease?

A

It can affect all layers of the intestine and results in thickening and ulceration of the affected segment

66
Q

What results from Crohn’s Disease?

A

Pain, diarrhea, and malabsorption

67
Q

What is the etiology of Crohn’s Disease?

A

Unknown, but possibly related to stress or autoimmune disease

68
Q

What type of radiographic appearance does Crohn’s Disease show?

A

“Cobblestone”

69
Q

What is the chiropractic note on Crohn’s Disease?

A

Subluxations of the lower thoracic may affect gut motility which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (vagus, greater and lesser splanchnic nerves)

Gross II Unit 3 (8 decks)

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