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SP MCAT Psych/Soc > Socialization > Flashcards

Flashcards in Socialization Deck (32)
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1
Q

Socialization

A
  • describes the process of developing, inheriting, and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs
  • views of society become the accepted viewpoint and are adopted by the individuals within it
  • the process by which a person becomes a member of a group, and learning the moral standards of the group is important to retaining group membership
2
Q

Cultural Transmission/Cultural Learning

A
  • the manner in which society socializes its members

- leads to individuals gaining the knowledge, skills, habits, and behaviors that are necessary for inclusion in society

3
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

the spread of norms, customs, and beliefs (especially new ones) throughout the culture

4
Q

Primary Socialization

A

-occurs during childhood when we initially learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society, primarily through observation of our parents and other adults in close proximity

5
Q

Secondary Socialization

A
  • process of learning appropriate behavior within smaller sections of the larger society
  • occurs outside of the home and is based on learning the rules of specific social environments
  • can occur when moving to a new region or changing schools/professions
6
Q

Anticipatory Socialization

A
  • process by which a person prepares for future changes in occupations, living situations, or relationships
  • Ex. couple living together in preparation for married life
7
Q

Resocialization

A
  • another process by which one discards old behaviors in favor of new ones to make a life change
  • can have negative or positive connotations
  • Ex. method by which members of army are trained to obey orders and commands without hesitation
8
Q

Norms

A

societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behavior

9
Q

Mores

A

have to do if something is ethically good or bad

10
Q

Sanctions

A
  • penalties for misconduct or rewards for appropriate behavior
  • can be used to maintain social control
11
Q

Taboo

A

socially unacceptable, disgusting or reprehensible behaviors/actions

12
Q

Folkways

A

norms that refer to behavior that is considered polite in particular social interactions, such as shaking hands after a sports match

13
Q

What are the 9 different agents of socialization?

A
  • Family: language acquisition, relationships, rules, initial social interactions, morals, role models, behavior
  • Peers: activities, trends
  • Religion: values, love for others, meaning of life, guidelines on how to live
  • Government: laws, sanctions, punishment
  • Media: stereotypes, trends
  • Work: employment, money, rules, roles
  • Ethnic Background: beliefs, values, customs
  • Social Groups: social interaction, rules governing activities
  • School: grammar, rules, social setting values
14
Q

Deviance

A
  • any violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society
  • any act that goes against societal norms – not necessarily a negative thing
  • Ex. jay walking, committing murder, promiscuous sexual behavior
15
Q

Social Stigma

A

-the extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

16
Q

Labeling Theory

A
  • theory that the labels given to people affect not only how others respond to that person but also the person’s self-image
  • can lead to channeling of behavior into deviance or conformity
  • Ex. if members of society label a woman as promiscuous this could lead to further promiscuity or a change in behavior toward something more acceptable in society
17
Q

Differential Association Theory

A
  • deviance can be learned through interactions with others
  • intimate exposure to others who engage in deviant behavior lays the groundwork for one to engage in deviant behavior themself
18
Q

Strain Theory

A
  • attempts to explain deviance as a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure
  • Ex. American Dream - desirable social goal but the structure of society is unable to guarantee the education and opportunity needed to achieve this goal to all people
19
Q

Conformity

A
  • matching one’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to societal norms
  • also known as majority influence
  • two distinct types: internalization and identification
20
Q

Normative Conformity/Influence

A
  • desire to fit into a group because of fear of rejection
  • ex. body image (view of ourselves is based on what others view as the ideal body so follow this because want to fit into society)
21
Q

Internalization

A
  • involves changing ones behavior to fit with a group while also privately agreeing with the ideas of the group
  • reflects a change in internal thoughts to agree with the idea
22
Q

Identification

A
  • the outward acceptance of others’ ideas without personally taking on these ideas
  • acceptance of idea on surface level without internalizing it
23
Q

Compliance

A
  • change in behavior based on a direct response from someone without actual authority over an individual
  • involves going along with what others in a group think is right, but it does not imply that the person who is compliant actually agrees with the actions of the group
  • variety of different techniques to obtain this: foot in the door technique, door in the face technique, lowball technique, that’s-not-all-technique
24
Q

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

A

-a small request is made and after gaining compliance, a larger request is made

25
Q

Door-in-the-Face Technique

A
  • a large request is made at first and then, if refused, a second smaller request is made
  • often the smaller request is the actual goal of the requester
26
Q

Lowball Technique

A
  • requestor will get an initial commitment from an individual and then raise the cost of the commitment
  • Ex. boss asks you to head a committee with a time commitment of 5hr/month of meetings so you agree but later discover that the committee also includes written reports from each meeting and a quarterly report
27
Q

That’s-Not-All-Technique

A
  • individual is made an offer but before making a decision is told the deal is even better than expected
  • commonly used in infomercials
28
Q

Obedience

A

changing one’s behavior in response to a direct order from an authority figure

29
Q

Morality

A
  • set of standards of conduct that are specific to the social group in which one is embedded
  • cannot develop in isolation since it is a group-level concept
  • particular moral standards one holds are learned from the social group they belong to; it does not develop through genetics
30
Q

Informational Influence

A
  • conform so you can get info you need to get the expected result
  • ex. reviewing job applications and see an application that had a lot of high paying jobs, so you then believe that this person is a good hire; if see applicant that doesn’t have a lot of experience then less likely to hire them because other companies did not hire them
31
Q

Solomon and Asch Experiment

A
  • study where participants were in a room full of confederates and asked which line clearly matches another
  • showed that individuals are more likely to conform when all accomplices agreed on a wrong answer, even when they know that the answer is wrong and they don’t agree with it
  • more likely to comply when more people give the wrong answer
32
Q

Milgram’s Obedience Experiment

A
  • tested obedience by making a participant be a teacher where they administer shocks to a “student”
  • found that teachers are more likely to obey if: commands to shock were given by an authority figure vs another volunteer, took place at a prestigious institution, the authority figure was watching them, “student” was in a different room, “teachers” didn’t see another teach disobeying the command