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MSK > Soft Tissue Tumours > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What 10 bits of info do you need to obtain from a soft tissue tumour?

A 
Size and site
Definition- Well or ill defined
Consistency- Cyst, solid, soft, hard
Surface- Smooth or irregular
Mobile or fixed- To skin or deeper tissue
Temperature
Transilluminable- Fluid filled
Pulsatility
Overlying skin changes
Local lymphadenopathy
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2
Q

What factors suggest a benign lesion?

A

Small, fluctuation in size, well defined, cystic/fluid filled, soft or fatty.

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3
Q

What factors suggest a malignant lesion?

A

Large lesion (>5cm), rapid growth, solid, ill defined, irregular surface, lymphadenopathy and systemic involvement.

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4
Q

What are the two best investigations for identifying soft tissue lesions?

A

MRI and biopsy

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5
Q

What are the three important benign soft tissue tumours we need to know?

A

Lipoma
Giant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)

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6
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

Proliferation of fat in subcutaneous fat or muscle.

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7
Q

How does a lipoma look?

A

Large and ill defined. Most common benign soft tissue tumour.

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8
Q

What is a Giant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath?

A

Small firm swelling under tendon sheath of fingers.

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9
Q

How does a Giant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath look like?

A

Pigmented and have multinucleated giant cells.

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10
Q

How does Giant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath present?

A

Can be painful and erode surrounding structures.

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11
Q

How do you treat Giant Cell TUmour of Tendon SHeath?

A

Excise but high chance of recurrence.

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12
Q

What is Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS)

A

Same of Giant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath but in synovial joint.

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13
Q

What is the suffix for malignant soft tissue tumours?

A

‘Sarcoma’

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14
Q

Are sarcomas rare or common?

A

Pretty rare

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15
Q

What is the common age for developing a sarcoma?

A

50-70

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16
Q

How do you treat a sarcoma?

A

Excise and treat with radio and chemotherapy as appropriate.

17
Q

What is an angiosarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour of blood vessel

18
Q

What is a fibrosarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour of fibrous tissue

19
Q

What is a liposarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour of fat

20
Q

What is a rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour of skeletal muscle

21
Q

What is a synovial sarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour of synovial lining

22
Q

What are the five types of malignant soft tissue tumours we need to know?

A 
Liposarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Angiosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Synovial Sarcoma
23
Q

What are the four non-tumour swellings of soft tissue we need to know?

A

Ganglion cyst
Bursitis
Sebaceous cyst
Abscess

24
Q

What is a ganglion cyst?

A

A herniation of the capsule round a synovial joint or tendon sheath. Can be developmental or traumatic.

25
Q

How do ganglion cysts usually present?

A

Well defined, firm and transilluminated

26
Q

How do you treat a ganglion cyst?

A

Usually just leave but if problematic excise.

27
Q

Give two examples of ganglion cysts.

A

Baker’s cyst and wrist ganglion

28
Q

What is a Baker’s cyst?

A

Ganglion cyst found in the popliteal fossa.

Can be swollen and painful but usually asymptomatic.

29
Q

What are come causes of a Baker’s cyst and some complications of its rupture?

A

OA, RA, meniscal tear

DVT and compartment syndrome

30
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of the bursa (fluid filled sack round joint the prevent friction).

31
Q

What causes bursitis?

A

Repeated pressure, trauma, bacterial infection and gout.

32
Q

Where are common places to get a bursitis?

A

Pre-patella
Olecranon
Metatarsals (Bunion)

33
Q

How do you treat a bursitis?

A

Usually leave but can reoccur so may need to be excised.

34
Q

What is a sebaceous cyst?

A

Skin swelling that can masquerade as MSK

35
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Walled off area of infection. Avascular.

36
Q

What can cause an MSK abscess?

A

Infection, penetrating wound, bursitis, cellulitis

37
Q

How do you treat an abscess?

A

Incise and drain. Antibiotics.

MSK (17 decks)

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