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Medicine P1 > Some Embryology > Flashcards

Some Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the epidermis of the skin derive from?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

What does the dermis of the skin derive from?

A

Lateral plate of mesoderm

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3
Q

What does the urogenital system derive from (kidneys, gonads, respective duct systems)?

A

Intermediate plate of the mesoderm

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4
Q

What do somites derive from?

A

Paraxial plate mesoderm

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5
Q

What do somites give rise to?

A

Supporting tissue of the body:

Myotome, Sclerotome, Dermatome

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6
Q

What do myotomes become?

A

Muscle tissue

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7
Q

What do sclerotomes become?

A

Cartilage and bone

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8
Q

What do dermatomes become?

A

Dermis of skin

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9
Q

What are the two layers of the Lateral plate mesoderm?

A

Somatic (parietal)

Splanchnic (visceral)

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10
Q

What does the somatic/parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm form?

A

Future body wall

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11
Q

What does the splanchnic/visceral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm form?

A

Circulatory System; Connective tissue of glands; muscle, connective tissue and peritoneal components of the Wall of the gut

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12
Q

What gives rise to the epithelial lining of the GI tract?

A

Endoderm

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13
Q

The endoderm forms the epithelial lining of which parts of the ear?

A

Tympanic membrane and Auditory Tube

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14
Q

What gives rise to epithelial lining of the bladder and what type of epithelium of this?

A

Endoderm

Urothelium/Transtitional

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15
Q

What gives rise to epithelial lining of respiratory tract and what type of epithelium of this?

A

Endoderm

Ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium)

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16
Q

What gives rise to the the pancreas?

A

2 endodermal buds (dorsal and ventral from respective aspects of the gut)

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17
Q

What gives rise to the liver?

A

Endodermal bud (of Endoderm)

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18
Q

What, around the thyroid gland, does the endoderm give rise to?

A

Parenchyma of thyroid gland and Parathyroid glands

Parenchyma = functional tissue of organ

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19
Q

In general, what structures does the Ectoderm give rise to?

A

Structures that are in contact with outside of the body

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20
Q

What gives rise to the PNS and CNS?

A

Ectoderm

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21
Q

What gives rise to the enamel of the teeth?

A

Ectoderm

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22
Q

Ectoderm gives rise to SENSORY epithelium of what structures?

A

Nose, ear, eye

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23
Q

What gives rise to the epidermis of skin, hair and nails?

A

Ectoderm

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24
Q

What glands does the ectoderm give rise to?

A

Pituitary glands
Mammary glands
Sweat glands

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25
Q

What do neural crest cells give rise to?

A 
Sensory dorsal root ganglion of spinal cord and cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X
Schwann cells
Adrenal Medulla
Bony Skull
Meninges
Dermis
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26
Q

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles that can be identified by the 5th WEEK?

A

Prosencephalon(forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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27
Q

By what week do secondary brain vesicles appear?

A

7th week

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28
Q

What secondary vesicles does Prosencephalon give rise to?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

29
Q

What secondary vesicles does Rhombencephalon give rise to?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

30
Q

What does Telencephalon give rise to?

A

Cerebral Hemispheres

Lateral Ventricles

31
Q

What does Diencephalon give rise to?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
3rd ventricle

32
Q

What does Mesencephalon give rise to?

A

Midbrain (colliculi)

Aqueduct

33
Q

What does Metencephalon give rise to?

A

Cerebellum
Pons
UPPER part of 4th ventricle

34
Q

What does Myelencephalon give rise to?

A

Medulla oblongata

LOWER part of 4th ventricle

35
Q

What does the respiratory tract arise from?

A

Respiratory tract is derived from an out pouching of the foregut from endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm

36
Q

What parts of the respiratory tract arise from the endoderm?

A 
Bronchi
Alveoli
Larynx
Epithelia lining of tract
(BALE)
37
Q

What parts of the respiratory tract derive from the splanchnic mesoderm?

A

Cartilages
Connective tissue of tract
Muscle
VISCERAL Pleura

38
Q

What does CVS system develop from?

A

Mostly form MESOderm (heart, blood, smooth muscles, endothelium)
Some contribution from Cardiac Neural Crest cells of ECTOderm

39
Q

What does the Primitive/Primordial Ventricle form?

A

Left Ventricle

40
Q

What does the Primitive/Primordial atrium form?

A

Anterior Right Atrium
(Entire) Left Atrium
Left and Right Auricles

41
Q

What does the sinus venosus form?

bottom left and right branched horns

A

part of Right Atrium
Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus

42
Q

What does the Aortic Sac form?

A

Aorta

Pulmonary Artery

43
Q

What are the different parts of the Bulbus Cordis (BC)?

A

Proximal third of BC
LOWER part of BC = Conus Cordis
UPPER part of BC = Truncus Cordis

44
Q

What does proximal third of bulbus cordis form?

A

Muscular Right Ventricle

45
Q

What does Conus Cordis give rise to? (lower part of Bulbus cordis)

A

Smooth outflow portion of Right and Left Ventricles

46
Q

What does Truncus Cordis give rise to? (upper part of bulbus cordis)

A

Proximal Aorta

Pulmonary Trunk

47
Q

By what day do the two endocardial tubes form?

A

Day 19 of 3rd week

48
Q

By what day do endocardial tubes fuse into one?

How?

A

Day 21
By lateral folding
Single heart tube then grows and bulges

49
Q

By what day does the heart start to beat?

A

Day 22

50
Q

By what day does the heart start to fold?

A

Day 23

51
Q

What is the Fossa Ovalis a remnant of?

A 
Foramen Ovale
Interatrial septum (valve between atriums)
52
Q

What connected the anterior abdominal wall to the Liver?

A

Falciform Ligament

53
Q

What connects the liver to the stomach?

A

Lesser Omentum

54
Q

What connects the stomach to the spleen?

A

Gastrosplenic Ligament

55
Q

What connects the spleen to the kidney?

A

Splenorenal Ligament

56
Q

What ‘narrow stalk’ temporarily connects the midgut to the yolk sac until the 5th week?

A

Vitelline Duct

57
Q

What does the pharynx develop from?

A

Pharyngeal Pouches

58
Q

What is the Ligamentum Teres a remnant of?

A

Umbilical Vein

59
Q

What does the first Pharyngeal Pouch give rise to?

A

Middle ear cavity

Auditory Tube

60
Q

What does the second pouch give rise to?

A

Palatine Tonsil

Tonsilar Fossa

61
Q

What does the third pouch give rise to?

A

Inferior Parathyroid gland

62
Q

What does the 4th pouch give rise to?

A

Ultimobranchial body

Parafollicular cells of thyroid gland and Superior Parathyroid body

63
Q

What does the 6th pouch give rise to?

A

Cervical Body

64
Q

What does the first Pharyngeal CLEFT give rise to?

A

External Auditory Meatus

Epithelium of Eardrum

65
Q

What do the 2nd, 3RD AND 4TH Pharyngeal Clefts give rise to?

A

Cervical Sinus

66
Q

What are Retroperitoneal Organs?

A

DADPOK

Descending colon, Ascending Colon, Duodenum, Pancreas, Oesophagus, Kidneys

67
Q

What are Intraperitoneal Organs?

A

SALTSS

Stomach, Appendix, Liver, Transverse colon, Sigmoid colon, Small intestine

68
Q

What do limb bones develop from?

A

Endochondrial Ossification of Cartilaginous Precusors

Exception of the Clavicle which is intramembranous

Medicine P1 (7 decks)

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