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IHO Week 2 - WLB > Specific Acquired Immunity - Diebel > Flashcards

Specific Acquired Immunity - Diebel Flashcards

1
Q

What molecules are displayed by MHC Class I?

A
  • Antigens synthesized within the cell
    • samples intracellular proteins to display on surface
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2
Q

What molecules are displayed by MHC Class II?

A
  • Antigen that are products of phagocytosis
    • whole bodies produced outside the cell
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3
Q

Which cell types express MHC Class I?

A
  • All cells except RBCs
    • reason for persistence of malaria
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4
Q

Which cell types express MHC Class II?

A
  • Monocytes/Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • B-cells
  • Epithelial cells of the thymus
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5
Q

Which T-cell type interacts with MHC Class I?

A

CD8+ killer T-cells

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6
Q

Which T-cell type interacts with MHC Class II?

A

CD4+ helper T- cells

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7
Q

What is the result of T-cell interaction with MHC Class I?

A
  • Naive CD8+ T-cell induces:
    • Memory CD8+
    • Effector CD8+
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8
Q

What is the result of T-cell interaction with MHC Class II?

A
  • Naive CD4+ helper T-cell induces:
    • Memory CD4+ T-cell (may begin before MHC interaction?)
    • TH1
    • TH2
    • TH17
    • TFH
    • Treg
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9
Q

What cytokines help a hematopoietic stem cell differentiate into a Lymphoid Progenitor cell?

A

IL-3 & IL-7

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10
Q

What are common lymphocyte markers of T-cells?

A
  • CD3 - makes up the signaling chains of the TCR and plays an essential role in cell surface expression of the TCR and TCR signal transduction.
  • CD4 - Coreceptor for activation of MHC class II–restricted T cells. Thymic differentiation marker for T cells and receptor for HIV.
  • CD8 - Coreceptor for the activation of MHC class I–restricted T cells. Thymic differentiation marker for T cells
  • CD23 - subset
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11
Q

What are common lymphocyte markers of B-cells?

A
  • CD1 - Antigen-presenting proteins that bind lipid and glycolipid antigens and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural-killer T cells.
  • CD19
  • CD20
  • CD23
  • CD40 - molecule that interacts with TFH to get activated and class switch
  • CD79a - part of the BCR complex
  • CD79b - part of the BCR complex
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12
Q

What are the five specialized subtypes of T helper cells?

A
  • TH1
  • TH2
  • TH17
  • TFH
  • Treg

(All have CD4 molecular marker)

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13
Q

What role do Type 1 Helper T-cells play within the immune system?

A
  • recognize antigen
  • make a lymphokine that attracts macrophages to area where antigen has been recognized
    • intense inflammation
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14
Q

What role do Type 2 Helper T-cells play within the immune system?

A
  • stimulate macrophages to become alternatively activated
    • promote healing = M2 macrophage
  • able to function in walling-off pathogens
  • important in parasite immunity
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15
Q

What role do Type 17 Helper T-cells play within the immune system?

A
  • main role = focused inflammation
    • more powerful than TH1
  • implicated in many serious forms of autoimmunity
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16
Q

What role do Follicular Helper T-cells play within the immune system?

A
  • stimulated by antigen
  • migrate from T-cell areas of lymph nodes into the B-cell follicles
    • help B-cells get activated
    • make IgM, IgG, IgE, and IgA antibody subclasses
    • provide info for class switching
17
Q

What role do Regulatory T-cells play within the immune system?

A
  • make cytokines that suppress the activation and function of TH1, TH2, and TH17
    • keep immune response in check
    • use IL-10 to deactivate macrophages
18
Q

What is wrong with Treg T-cells in IPEX (immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome)?

A
  • Failure of peripheral tolerance due to defective regulatory T-cells
    • Treg doesn’t function → cannot turn off inflammation

(due to dysfunctional transcription factor)

19
Q

What role do Cytotoxic/Killer T-cells play within the immune system?

A
  • destroy any body cell they identify as bearing a foreign or abnormal antigen on its surface
20
Q

What are the main cytokines that drive general activation of T-cells activation and differentiation?

A

IL-2 & IL-15

21
Q

What are the main cytokines that drive T helper cells to TH1 helper cell subtypes?

A

IL-12 & IFN-gamma (IFN-γ)

22
Q

What are the main cytokines that drive T helper cells to TH2 helper cell subtypes?

A

IL-4

23
Q

What is the general mode of action that killer T cells use to kill target cells?

A
  • Kill by FAS - FAS ligand interaction
    • T-cells expressing the FAS ligand bind to FAS, a protein on a target cell to induce caspase activation and apoptosis.
  • Kill by secreting toxic agents as well
    • TNF (a cytokine) induces apoptosis
    • Perforin is a pore-forming protein
    • Granzymes also induce apoptosis
24
Q

How are target cells recognized by killer T-cells?

A
  • look for antigen fragments on MHC Class I antigen-presenting molecules
    • on ALL cells except for red blood cells
25
Q

What are the genes associated with the B cell receptor that help to mediate its downstream signaling?

A

CD79a & CD79b

26
Q

What is X-linked agammaglobulinemia?

A

An absence of B lymphocytes

27
Q

What is CD40 ligand deficiency?

A

Failure of immunoglobulin class switching

(B cell disorder)

28
Q

What is Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency?

A

Failure of immunoglobulin class switching

(B cell disorder)

29
Q

What is Common Variable Immunodeficiency?

A

A failure to produce antibodies against particular antigens.

(B cell disorder)

30
Q

What is Omenn Syndrome?

A

VDJ recombination failure. Cannot produce BCRs or TCRs.

(B & T cell disorder)

31
Q

What is X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency?

A

A failure to produce mature T-lymphocytes.

32
Q

What is DiGeorge Syndrome?

A

Failure of the thymus (3rd branchial arch) to develop correctly.

(T cell disorder)

33
Q

What is Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis?

A

Failure of CD8+ T-cells and NK cells to produce and/or release lytic granules.

IHO Week 2 - WLB (10 decks)

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