Spinal Cord and Meninges Flashcards Preview

Anatomy and Radiology - Test 1 > Spinal Cord and Meninges > Flashcards

Flashcards in Spinal Cord and Meninges Deck (49)
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1
Q

Visceral vs. somatic

A

Visceral - smooth and cardiac muscle

Somatic - Body walls and limbs

2
Q

How do brain and spinal cord connect?

A

Foramen magnum of the occipital bone of the scull

3
Q

How far down does spinal cord exten?

A

L1-L2

4
Q

How many spinal nerves associated with each spinal cord level?

A

2

5
Q

How are spinal nerves named?

A

In cervical, named for vertebra inferior to exit
Everywhere else, named for vertebra superior to exit
C8 is below C7

6
Q

More inferior nerve fibers are _______ and _____

A

longer and more vertical

7
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

Narrowing of spinal cord at the sacral and coccygeal spinal cord levels

8
Q

Cauda equina

A

Dorsal and ventral roots of inferior segments that travel until they can reach their respective intervertebral foramen

9
Q

Filum terminale

A

Extension of the pia mater which covers the spinal cord from the conus medullaris to the coccyx
Passes through cauda equina and pierces dura mater to attach to the coccyx

10
Q

White matter found where and composed of what?

A

Outer region

Myelinated axons

11
Q

Grey matter found where and composed of what and shape?

A

Inner region
H shape
Composed of neuronal and glial cell bodies

12
Q

Glial cells

A

Supporting cells for neurons

13
Q

Gray matter divided into

A

Anterior (ventral) horn and Posterior (dorsal) horn

14
Q

Ventral horn

A

Contains somatic motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles

15
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Contains neurons that receive sensory information from spinal ganglia neurons

16
Q

ventral root and where it originates

A

Motor fibers that innervate somatic muscles

Originate from anterior horn neurons

17
Q

Dorsal Root and where it originates

A

Somatic Sensory fibers from periphery to the CNS. Originate from spinal ganglion neurons located external to the spinal cord

18
Q

Spinal ganglion and location

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS
No synapses here
Located in intervertebral foramen
Unipolar neurons that have processes ending in dorsal horn
Peripheral processes associated with a sensory receptor

19
Q

Spinal Nerve and 2 branches

A

Relatively short structure that is formed by union of ventral root and dorsal root
Dorsal primary ramus and ventral primary ramus

20
Q

Dorsal primary ramus innervations

A

Innervates epaxial muscles and overlying skin

21
Q

Ventral primary ramus innervations

A

Hypaxial muscles and overlying skins (everything but true back muscles)

22
Q

Rami and Roots…which are mixed in function and whic are not?

A

Roots are not

Rami are mixed

23
Q

Dorsal root cell bodies lie _____

A

in spinal ganglion

24
Q

Ventral root cell bodies lie _____

A

in ventral horn

25
Q

Three layers of connective tissue that cover spinal cord

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

26
Q

Dura mater and how far does it extend?

A

External outer tough covering that extends to S2 levels of vertebral canal
Extends to the distal end of the spinal ganglion

27
Q

What does dura mater become continuous with

A

Epineurium of spinal nerves

28
Q

Dural sleeves

A

Extensions of Dura mater

29
Q

Dural Sac

A

Blind end pouch of dura mater that extends to S2 vertebral levels

30
Q

Arachnoid mater and how far does it extend?

A

Avascular membrane deep to the dura mater

Follows the dura mater

31
Q

Pia mater

A

Deepest layer. Adherent to spinal cord

32
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

Lateral extensions of the pia mater which help anchor the spinal cord to dura mater
Run through the arachnoid and into dura mater

33
Q

How can you tell sepration between various ventral and dorsal roots

A

denticulate ligaments in between

34
Q

Epidural space

A

Lies superficial to dura mater

Contains fat and internal vertbral venous plexus

35
Q

Internal vertebral venous plexus

A

Drains spinal cord

36
Q

Is there epidural space in cranium?

A

No

37
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Lies deep to arachnoid membrane but superficial of pia
Contains CSF
Exists in cranium

38
Q

What is CSF produced by?

A

Choroid plexus in ventricles of the brain

39
Q

Anesthesia above L4

A

Go into the subarachnoid space - spinal

40
Q

Anesthesia below L4

A

Stop before you hit dura mater - epidural

41
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by one spinal cord level
50% overlap
Three levels lost before deficit apparent

42
Q

Dermatomes we need to know

A

T4 - areola
T10 - umbilicus
L1 - lower extent of trunk

43
Q

Cutaneous innervation

A

Area of skin innervated by a peripheral nerve which may or may not have more than one spinal cord level within it

44
Q

Spinal cord receives blood supply from

A

Anterior spinal artery and posterior spinal arteries

45
Q

Size of spinal arteries as they move down

A

Decrease

46
Q

Segmental arteries and two types

A

Supplement spinal arteries at each vertebral level

Medullary and Radiclar

47
Q

Medullary arteries

A

Extend into the spinal cord and anastomose with the longitudinal arteries to receive their supply

48
Q

Radicular arteries

A

Supply the dorsal and ventral roots that aren’t supplied by segmental arteries

49
Q

Arteries in each spinal region

A

Lumbar arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries
Vertebral, ascending cervical, or deep cervical