spinal cord miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal roots contain ___1___ fibers and ventral roots contain __2___ fibers

A

1 sensory/afferent

2 motor efferent

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2
Q

the central canal is continuous with what?

A

MO and 4th ventricle

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3
Q

the central canal expands inferiorly in the conus medullaris as what?

A

terminal ventricle

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4
Q

what is a funiculus?

A

a longitudinal bundle of white matter fibers that can be anatomically observed

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5
Q

the gray matter is a dense concentration of what?

A

neuron cell bodies

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6
Q

the white matter is a dense concentration of what?

A

neuron fibers (axons)

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7
Q

what gives the white appearance to white matter?

A

interfascicular oligodendrocytes which form myelin

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8
Q

bundles of functionally related axons within the funiculus are called?

A

fasciculi

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9
Q

what is the function of NCAMs or nerve cell adhesion molecules?

A

make sure axon carrying info ends up in the right tract and help keep fasciculi together

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10
Q

sensory input enters the spinal cord as what?and where?

A

as dorsal root ganglion axons at the dorsal lateral sulcus

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11
Q

where do most (not all) of the DRG axons synapse?

A

in the dorsal gray horn laminae

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12
Q

how many recognized fasciculi are there within the spinal cord?

A

over 2 dozen, we focused on half

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13
Q

which test involves standing with feet close together, arms out and eyes closed to check for balance?

A

Romberg’s test, most misinterpreted test we learn

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14
Q

these neurons originate in the spinal cord or brain stem and extend fibers into the PNS to innervate somatic musculature

A

lower motor neurons

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15
Q

these are neurons from higher brain centers that influence the LMN

A

upper motor neurons- corticospinal is a good example

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16
Q

UMN lesions would cause what?

A
  • reduction or absence of voluntary movement
  • hyperreflexia
  • increased muscle tone
  • clonus
  • babinski sign

ex. cerebral palsy

17
Q

LMN lesions would cause what?

A
  • reduction or absence of voluntary movement
  • hyporeflexia/ areflexia
  • decreased muscle tone and atrophy
  • muscle fibrillations and fasciculations

ex. polio

18
Q

which UMN are involved with initiation of skilled voluntary movement?

A

pyramidal neurons

19
Q

which UMN originate in the brain stem and extend down the cord and influence posture, muscle tone, enhance reflexes and thus allow voluntary movements to be smooth and effective?

A

extrapyramidal neurons