SPINE ANATOMY

Question 1

how many cervical vertebrae

Answer 1

7

Question 2

how any cervical nerves

Answer 2

8

Question 3

how many thoracic vertebrae

Answer 3

12

Question 4

how many lumbar vertebrae

Answer 4

5

Question 5

how many sacral and coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 5

sacral - 5

coccygeal 4

Question 6

what separates vertebrae

Answer 6

intervertebral discs

Question 7

what is weight bearing part of vertebra

Answer 7

vertebral body

Question 8

2 parts of the intervertebral disc

Answer 8

outer - annulus fibrosus

inner - nucleus pulposus

Question 9

what part of vertebra connects to vertebral body

Answer 9

pedicles

Question 10

what are the lateral bony prominences in the vertebra

Answer 10

transverse processes

Question 11

what connect the vertebra to the one above

Answer 11

superior articular processes

Question 12

what is the palpable superficial bony prominence of a vertebra

Answer 12

spinous process

Question 13

what connects the spinous process to the rest of the vertebra

Answer 13

lamina

Question 14

what is different about cervical vertebrae

Answer 14

have foramen transversium (vertebral arteries travel through these)
have bifid spinous processes (except atlas and C7
vertebral foramen is triangular shaped

Question 15

what is C1

Answer 15

atlas

Question 16

what is C2

Answer 16

axis

Question 17

special feature of vertebral vertebrae

Answer 17

demi facets - connects to respective rib and rib inferior to it
costal facet on transverse processes

Question 18

what kind of joints are between vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

Answer 18

cartilaginous joints

Question 19

what ligaments run immediately in front and behind vertebral bodies

Answer 19

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

Question 20

what direction is vertebral disc likely to herniate and why

Answer 20

posterolateral - posterior longitudinal ligament prevents it from going straight back so goes to one side

Question 21

what is the joint that forms between articular processes

Answer 21

facet joints

Question 22

what ligament is between the lamina of the spine

Answer 22

ligamentum flavum

Question 23

what ligament is between the spinous processes

Answer 23

interspinal ligaments

Question 24

what ligament runs posteriorly down tips of spinous processes

Answer 24

suprasinous ligaments

Question 25

where does spinal cord end

Answer 25

L1/L2

Question 26

what is name of spinal cord end

Answer 26

conus medullaris

Question 27

what do spinal nerves continue as after conus medullaris

Answer 27

cauda equina

Question 28

what does cauda equine become

Answer 28

filum terminale

Question 29

grey/white matter is on the outside in spinal cord

Answer 29

white

Question 30

spinal nerves leave above/below their named vertebra

Answer 30

below (except in cervical region)

Question 31

what are the 3 parts of the trapezius

Answer 31

descending
transverse
ascending

Question 32

what muscles are a common cause of back pain

Answer 32

erector spinae

Question 33

where do erector spinae muscles attach to

Answer 33

common tendon attaching to sacrum and iliac crests

Question 34

what are the 3 parts of erector spinae muscles and what do they attach to

Answer 34

iliocostalis - attach to rib angles and tubercles
longissimus - attach to transverse processes, extends to skull
spinalis - insertions to spinour processes

Question 35

what are the deep intrinsic back muscles and what do they attach to

Answer 35

transversospinalis - between transverse and spinous processes

Question 36

where do nerves supplying motor and sensory to back muscles come from

Answer 36

posterior spinal rami (myotome/dermatome distribution)

Question 37

what muscles cause flexion of spine

Answer 37

psoas major and rectus abdominis

Question 38

what curvatures of spine are primary and which are secondary

Answer 38

primary - thoracic and sacral kyphosis

secondary - cervical and lumbar lordosis

Question 39

where is odontoid process

Answer 39

on C2 - axis