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SPM- Opthamology > SPM- Acute Red Eye > Flashcards

SPM- Acute Red Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Chronic inflammation of the eye lid margins

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2
Q

What causes blepharitis?

A

Blockage of the meibomian glands with infection (usually staph aureus or epidermis)

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of blepharitis?

A

Sore eyes
Gritty sensation in the eyes
Dry eyes

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4
Q

What are some complications of blepharitis?

A

Marginal keratitis
Secondary conjunctivitis
Meibomian cyst

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5
Q

What is a stye?

A

Infected hair follicle on the eye lid- always self limiting

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6
Q

What is the treatment for blepharitis?

A 
Lid hygiene
Warm compress
Anti-biotic ointment- reduce bacterial load
Lubricants- relive abrasion and dry eyes
Low dose tetracycline (e.g. doxycycline)
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7
Q

What is an entropion?

A

In turning of the eye lid

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8
Q

What is an ectropion?

A

Eversion of the lower eye lid

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9
Q

What are the causative organisms of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Staph
Strep
Haemophilus species

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Slight discomfort
Red sticky eye
Visual acuity only affected due to discharge on the surface

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11
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Frequent ABx if bacterial- will go on it’s own anyway

Want to prevent spread to others- don’t share towels, wash hands regularly

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12
Q

Which is the most common cause of conjunctivitis?

A

Viral- often adenovirus (preceding URTI)

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Red eye
Watery eyes (not sticky yellow like bacterial)
Gritty and uncomfortable feeling

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14
Q

What are some examination findings for viral conjunctivitis?

A

Conjunctival injection
Associated URTI
Enlarged pre-auricular lymph node- suggests adenovirus cause

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15
Q

What is the treatment for viral conjunctivitis?

A

None
Anti-biotic drops to prevent secondary bacterial infection
Highly contagious so prevent spread e.g. don’t share towel

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16
Q

Which STI can cause a red eye?

A

Chlamydia- indicator is that it does not respond to normal measures for conjunctivitis. Instead requires systemic Abx.

17
Q

What sensitivity reaction can cause a red eye?

A

Allergic conjunctivitis can occur with type 1 hyper-sensitivity reactions

18
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea

19
Q

What are the features of microbial keratitis?

A 
Hypopyon 
Red eye
Photophobia
Painful eye
Reduced visual acuity
20
Q

What is a complication of microbial keratitis?

A

Endopthalmitis
Corneal perforation
Loss of eye

21
Q

Which virus causes viral keratitis?

A

Often HSV

22
Q

What is a unique feature of viral keratitis due to HSV on examination?

A

Branching dendritic ulcer

23
Q

How does the corneal sensation change with viral keratitis?

A

Typically corneal sensation is reduced- so there is a reduced reflex when a tissue is pressed against the cornea (note this is strictly the clear part and not the white of the eye which is the sclera)

24
Q

What is the management for viral keratitis?

A

Topical aciclovir

Dilate the pupil for comfort- photophobia is due to iris inflammation

25
Q

How can you differentiate scleritis from episcleritis?

A

Scleritis is extremely painful, episcleritis is less painful

26
Q

What are some causes of scleritis?

A

Majority are idiopathic
25% are associated with a connective tissue or vasculitic disease (most often RA)
Infections- VZV, Bacterial endotoxins

27
Q

Is scleritis diffuse or localised?

A

Scleritis may be diffuse or localised

28
Q

Why might scleritis cause the sclera to appear blue/blackish?

A

There is thinning of the sclera with necrotising scleritis

29
Q

What is the treatment for scleritis?

A

Mild- Oral NSAIDs
Topical Steroids
Systemic immunosuppression- steroids, methotrexate, mycophenolate

30
Q

What are some complications of scleritis?

A

Visual loss
Thinning of the sclera
Globe perforation

31
Q

What is the uvea?

A

Iris, ciliary body and choroid

SPM- Opthamology (11 decks)

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