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Flashcards in Spot diagnoses/ Signs Deck (30)
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1
Q

Name lesion

Seen in?

A

Gottron’s Papules

Seen in dematomyositis. Pathognomic!

2
Q

Name sign/lesion

Seen in

A

Heliotrope rash

Dermatomyositis

3
Q

Name lesion/sign

Seen in?

A

Gottron’s papules

Seen in dermatomyositis. Pathognomic!

4
Q

Name lesion/sign

Seen in

A

Shawl sign

Dermatomyositis

5
Q

Name lesion/sign

Seen in?

A

Discoid rash

Discoid eczema, discoid lupus

6
Q

Name lesion/sign

Seen in?

A

Malar rash

SLE

7
Q

Name sign?

Seen in?

A

Saddle nose deformity

Nasal trauma, congenital syphilis, relapsing polychondritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, cocaine abuse, and leprosy. Most important for exams is granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

8
Q

Name sign

Seen in?

A

Heberden’s and Bouchards nodes

OA

9
Q

Name sign

Seen in?

A

Bamboo spine and dagger sign

Ankylosing spondylitis

10
Q

Name sign

Seen in?

A

Pencil in cup deformity

Psoriatic arthritis

11
Q

Name sign

Seen in?

A

Lupus pernio

Pathognomic for sarcoidosis

12
Q

Name the sign

Seen in?

A

Angular stomatitis/cheilitis

Iron deficiency anaemia

13
Q

Name the sign

Seen in?

A

Glossitis

B12 deficiency

14
Q

Name sign

Seen in?

A

Bite cells

G6PD deficiency

15
Q

Name sign

Seen in?

A

Heinz (inclusion) bodies

G6PD deficiency

16
Q

Name the abnormal cell/sign

Seen in?

A

Reed-Sternberg

Hodgkins lymphoma

17
Q

Name the abnormal cell

Seen in?

A

Hypersegmented neutrophil

Megaloblastic anaemia (B12 deficiency)

18
Q

Name the abnormal cell type

Seen in?

A

Tear drop poikilocytes

Myelofibrosis

19
Q

Name sign

Seen in?

A

Periorbital purpura

Amyloidosis (AL)

20
Q

Name the abnormality

A

Barton Fracture

21
Q

Name the condition

A

Kaposi sarcoma

…caused by HHV-8 (human herpes virus 8)

  • presents as purple papules or plaques on the skin or mucosa (e.g. gastrointestinal and respiratory tract)
  • skin lesions may later ulcerate
  • respiratory involvement may cause massive haemoptysis and pleural effusion
  • radiotherapy + resection
22
Q

Name the lesion and the cause

A

Oral hairy leukoplakia

EBV in immunocompromised individuals (e.g. HIV)

23
Q

Key finding in this head CT

A

Extradural haematoma

24
Q

What is the key finding in this X ray?

A

Small bowel obstruction

25
Q

Key finding in this X ray

A

Surgical emphysema

(note outline of the pectoralis major muscle)

26
Q

Key finding on the chest X ray

A

Cervical rib

27
Q

Name the skin condition

What is the underlying disease?

A

Pretibial Myxoedema

Grave’s disease

28
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Sigmoid volvulus.

(Note the coffee bean sign)

Three dense lines converging towards the site of obstruction (Frimann Dahl’s sign) in keeping with sigmoid volvulus.

29
Q
A

Guttate Psoriasis

…… is more common in children and adolescents. It may be precipitated by a streptococcal infection 2-4 weeks prior to the lesions appearing

Features: tear drop papules on the trunk and limbs

Prodrome: Classically preceded by a streptococcal sore throat 2-4 weeks. Many patients report recent respiratory tract infections but this is not common in questions

Appearance: ‘Tear drop’, scaly papules on the trunk and limbs. Herald patch followed 1-2 weeks later by multiple erythematous, slightly raised oval lesions with a fine scale confined to the outer aspects of the lesions.
May follow a characteristic distribution with the longitudinal diameters of the oval lesions running parallel to the line of Langer. This may produce a ‘fir-tree’ appearance

Treatment / natural history: Most cases resolve spontaneously within 2-3 months. Topical agents as per psoriasis. UVB phototherapy. Self-limiting, resolves after around 6 weeks

30
Q

Name the rash

Cause?

A

Erythema ab igne

Excessive exposure to IR light

Note: if cause not treated patient can go on to develop squamous cell skin cancer