Sprains and Strains Flashcards Preview

Orthopedics 2 > Sprains and Strains > Flashcards

Flashcards in Sprains and Strains Deck (11)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Causes of sprains and strains?

A

caused by excessive reaching, bending, lifting, gripping, squatting, or twisting of hands, shoulders, or body,

Caused by any work performed with high force, with many repetitions, or in an awkward position.

2
Q

Define sprain.

Define strain.

A

Sprain: a stretch or tear of a ligament too far from normal position. MC caused by inversion and eversion of the ankle.

Strain: injury to a muscle or tendon, can be as simple as overstretching a muscle or tendon or it can be a partial/complete tear.

3
Q

What are some common types of sprains and strains?

A

back injuries; pulled back muscles and ruptured discs

ligament sprains of upper body

shoulder muscle sprains and dislocations

abdominal hernias

tendon injuries to hands, forearms, and elbows

ankle sprains and strains.

4
Q

What are the 3 grades of sprains?

A

Grade 1: ligaments stretched or slightly torn. (medial ankle ligaments) No instability with minimal functional loss.

Grade 2: ligaments partially torn. (medial ankle ligaments) Moderate instability with moderate functional loss.

Grade 3: ligaments completely torn. (lateral ankle ligaments) Marked instability with maximal functional loss.

5
Q

What are the two MC sites of strains?

A

Two MC sites: back and hamstring muscle.

–others: hand, forearm, elbow.

6
Q

What are the signs and signals for sprain? strain?

A

Sprain:
-pain, swelling, bruising, not being able to move the joint.

Strain:
-pain, muscle spasm, muscle weakness, swelling, cramping, trouble moving the muscle.

7
Q

Tx for strains and sprains:

  • describe Stage 1
  • -general
  • -moderate
  • -severe
A

First stage:

  • reduce swelling and pain: RICE therapy for first 24-48hrs
  • -ice 4-8x/day for 20mins

May recommend anti-inflammatories such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or APAP.

Moderate sprain may also require mobility aids such as cane, crutches, walker, wheelchair, air splint cast

Severe sprain: may need surgery to repair torn ligaments, muscle or tendon.

Grade III sprain with severe pain may use short course of narcotic analgesic.

8
Q

WHen to Xray ANkle Sprains:

-WHat are the ottawa rules?

A

Ottawa Rules:

  • pain in malleolar zone and any one of the following:
  • -bone tenderness along the distal 6cm of the posterior edge of the tibia or tip of the medial malleouls
  • -bone tenderness along the distal 6cm of the posterior edge of the fibula or tip of the lateral malleoulus
  • an inability to bear weight both immediately and in the Emergency department for 4 steps.
9
Q

Tx Ankle Sprains and Strains:

-stage II

A

rehab; PT/exercise program, increase strength and flexibility, and eventually return to full daily activities.

10
Q

How much time to heal after ankle sprain/strain?

  • mild
  • moderate
  • severe
A

Time needed for full recovery:

  • mild: 3-6wks
  • moderate: 2-3mo
  • severe: 8-12mo
11
Q

How do we avoid sprains and strains?

A

Stretch before working out with heavy items, use proper footwear for the activity you are doing.

Warm up before activities

Do not run on icy/uneven surfaces