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Flashcards in Sprains and Strains Deck (29)
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1
Q

Acute vs. overuse

A

Acute- sudden trauma

Overuse - with repetiive activity

2
Q

Sprains…what is it, where does it occur, sx

A

Sretch and or terar of a ligament (stabilizes joints)

Most commonly in the ankle

AFL most, CFL, PTFL

Sx - pain, edema, ecchymosis, pop

3
Q

Strain

A

Stretch and or tear of muslce or tendon

Most in hamstrings/low back

Pain, muscle spasm, muscle weakness, edema, ecchymosis

4
Q

Mild
Mod
Severe

A

1 - stretching and soem damage to fibers

mod - partial tearing of the ligamen…abnormal laxity in certain ways

Severe - complete tear of the ligament or tendon…sig instability and jint nonfunction

5
Q

Non pharm Tx

A

RICE

Rest - take a break from activity that cuase…relative rest - need to strengthen to improve

Ice - 15 mnutes at a time

Compression - to reduce swelling

Elevation - above heart to reduce swelling

6
Q

Pharm tx

A

NSAIDs…Inhibit COX 1 and 2 so decreased prostaglandin formaiton

Take consistently…meloxicam or diclofenac are most common

7
Q

Hx of ankle sprain

A

Most common is ankle inversion

MOA needs to be in pt’s own words…demonstrate on uninjured side

8
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

Need Ankle X ray if pain in malleolar zone AND
Bone tenderness at posterior edge or tip of lat or medial malleolus

OR inability to bear weigth

Foot X ray if pain in midfoot and beone tenderness at vnavicular or base of 5th metatarsal…OR inability ot bear weight

9
Q

Ankle sprain PE

A

Edema and eccchyymosis…no erythema or warmth

Tenderness over ATFL and CFL

No tenderness over medial or lateral malleolus

10
Q

Ankle sprain mild and severe tx

A

RICE
Strenghtening
1-2 weeks

Severe - immobilize (don’t want to use crutches), elevate, ice…4 weeks to recover…PT

Both of these include proprioception

11
Q

MCL or LCL vs. ACL/PCL

A

WIth MCL or LCL, there will be no swelling inside the knee joint

12
Q

ACL and PCL function

A

ACL - prevent forward movement of the tibia…needed for pivots…think layup

PCL - prevents femur from sliding forward off the tibial plateua…think knee vs. dashboard***

13
Q

Medial and lateral menisci function

A

Protect articular surface from damage

14
Q

MCL and LCL function

A

MCL - prevents valgus opening of tibiofemoral joint

LCL - prevents varus

15
Q

Lachman test

A

Tests ACL

Stabilie fumer with outside hand

Move tibia anteriorly

16
Q

Posterior drawer

A

Knee at 90 felxion..apply posteriorly directed force to proximal tibia

for PCL

17
Q

Valgus stress

A

MCL

At 0 and 30 degrees of knee flexion

Same for varus test

18
Q

McMurray

A

Flex knee and place fingers on joint line

Ext rotate the leg and bring knee into extension

Plapbale pop or click

19
Q

Causes of effusions

A

THink about things INSIDE the joint

20
Q

What to do if suspicion for ACL tear

A

Brace and MRI…tylenol and ibubrofen for pain

Crutches

Ortho for surgery

ICE the knee

21
Q

ACL surgery

A

Bone patellar tendon autograft is preferred

6-9 months to return to sport

Need pre-hab

22
Q

MCL mech of injury

A

Valgus stress on a partially flexed knee

If severe laxity, then associated ACL tear

23
Q

LCL injury

A

Usually with PCL and always need surgery

24
Q

PCL MOI and tx

A

Direct blow with knee in flexed positon OR hyperexntension injury

Knee brace, rehab for 4 weeks (quad and hip)

25
Q

Hamstring strain typical

A

Sprinting and felt a pull then a pop in pro posteriro leg

Edema, ecchynosis, tenderness mid-belly of medial hamstring

26
Q

Hamstring strain MOI and tx

A

Forcefulll contraction as a result of hip flexion and knee extension

Ice, compresion, stretching, rehab

Semimembranosus, tendinosis, biceps femoris

27
Q

AC sprain

A

Separated shoulder

Probably landed directly on

Tenderness over AC joint with “step-off” contour

28
Q

AC sprain MOI and tx

A

Driect blow to lateral

ICe, sling, rest, 4-6 weeks full motion

29
Q

Wrist sprain and most common ligament

A

FOOSH

Mild edema of dorsal aspect

Pain with extension and flexion of wrist

Scapholunate ligament