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The Cardiovascular System COPY > Stroke > Flashcards

Flashcards in Stroke Deck (12)
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1
Q

What are the two types of stoke and why are they caused?

A
  1. Haemorrhagic - due to blood vessel rupture
  2. Ischaemic - due to blood vessel blockage
2
Q

____________ is the most common cause for haemorrhagic stoke

A

Hypertension

3
Q

Ischaemic stoke can have three main causes, what are they?

A
  1. Thrombotic - blockage arises from within the brain
  2. Embolic - blockage arises from elsewhere
  3. Hypoperfusion
4
Q

Thrombosis for due to Virchow’s triad - what is this?

A

It is composed of three factors which lead to thrombosis

  1. Circulatory stasis
  2. Hypercogulable state
  3. Endothelial injury
5
Q

Atherosclerotic stoke can have two outcomes causing the stoke, what are they?

A
  1. Vessel stenosis
  2. Thrombosis

Ischaemia occurs eirther way

6
Q

What are the two different types of risk factors and give examples for each

A
  1. Non modifiable
  • Age
  • FH
  • Gender
  • Race
  • Previous stroke
  1. Modifiable
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperlipidaemia
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Physical inactivity
  • Alcohol excess
  • Diabetes
7
Q

What is the only way to differentiate between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Brain imaging

8
Q

Where does an atheroembolism cause infarction?

A

The same side as the affected carotid artery

9
Q

Where does cardioembolism cause infarction?

A

More than one arterial territory (bilateral)

10
Q

Thrombolysis is a treatment for ________ stroke

A

Thrombolysis

11
Q

Which medications can be given to a patient with ischaemic stroke?

A
  • Aspirin (75mg) + dipyridamole 200mg twice daily/clopidogrel (75mg) twice daily
  • Statins
  • Antihypertensives
  • Anticoagulants
12
Q

Which surgical interventions may be utilised to treat a stroke?

A
  • Haematoma evacuation
  • Relief of raised intracranial pressure
  • Carotid endarterectomy