Superficial Triangles and Cervical Viscera

Question 0

The 3 important landmarks of the neck

Answer 0

C6 (sixth cervical vertebra)
greater horn of the hyoid bone (greater cornu)
anterior scalene muscle

Question 1

important structure in suboccipital triangle

Answer 1

vertebral artery

Question 2

vertebral artery enters the transverse process of what vertebra

Answer 2

C6

Question 3

Phrenic N roots

Answer 3

C3, C4, C5

Question 4

hangman’s fracture risks damaging

Answer 4

phrenic nerve

hangman fracture = fracture of C2

Question 5

________N runs on the anterior surface of what muscle

Answer 5

Phrenic N, anterior scalene.

Question 6

Lateral Neck Layer 1 contents

Answer 6

platysma m.

external jugular vein

Question 7

Lateral Neck Layer 2 contains

Answer 7

SCM

CN XI

Question 8

3 structures you want to preserve in a Radical Nec dissection

Answer 8

SCM
IJV
CN XI

Question 9

SCM innervated by

Answer 9

CN XI

Question 10

Posterior triangle borders

Answer 10

SCM
Trapezius
middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 11

EJV is formed by the conjunction of what veins

Answer 11

posterior auricular v

retromandibular v

Question 12

Spinal Accessory N

Answer 12

CN XI
innervates SCM and Trapezius
enters triangle slightly above midpoint of SCM
contributions from C2-C3 (SCM) C3-C4 (trapezius)

Question 13

2 places we care about branchial fistulas and cysts being distributed

Answer 13

along SCM

along midline - development of thyroid, thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 14

What does the IJV drain

Answer 14

the brain

Question 15

Contents of the Root of the Neck

Answer 15

Carotid Sheath (IJV, common carotid, vagus N)
subclavian v
phrenic n
anterior scalene
subclavian a
brachial plexus

Question 16

contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 16

common carotid a
IJV
vagus n.

Question 17

Structures of the lateral root of the neck

Answer 17

suprascapular artery and subclavian vein
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery

Question 18

Structures in the mid portion of the root of the neck

Answer 18

centered on the anterior scalene and its relationships with
subclavian v
transverse cervical a
suprascapular a
subclavian a
brachial plexus

Question 19

Root of the neck medial to anterior scalene

Answer 19

carotid sheath, thoracic duct, costocervical trunk, inf thyroid artery, ascending cervical a, recurrent laryngeal n, sympathetic chain, vertebral a and ganglion

Question 20

structures that run anterior to anterior scalene m (2)

Answer 20

subclavian v

phrenic n.

Question 21

Structures that run posterior to anterior scalene m

Answer 21

subclavian a

brachial plexus

Question 22

How do you tell the difference between external carotid and internal carotid

Answer 22

external has branches in the neck

first branch is superior thyroid.

Question 23

Anterior triangle of then neck contains what triangles (4)

Answer 23

muscular triangle
carotid triangle
submandibular triangle
submental triangle

Question 24

submandibular triangle borders

Answer 24

bounded by the inferior edge of the mandible, and the anterior and posterior digastric

Question 25

submandibular triangle contains what important structure

Answer 25

submandibular gland

Question 26

what structure do we want to be carful to dissect out of the submandibular salivary gland

Answer 26

facial artery

Question 27

Innervation of the submandibular gland

Answer 27

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from superior salivatory nucleus (exit brainstem with facial nerve, travel through chorda tympani, and join with lingual nerve before terminating in the submandibular ganglion)
postganglionic fibers from submandibular ganglion distribute as numerous short branches to the paranchyma of the gland

postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in superior cervical ganglion and reach teh gland by coursing in external caroti and facial plexuses in the adventitia of respective arteries

Question 28

What structure will you find with inferior thyroid a

Answer 28

recurrent laryngeal n

Question 29

Where is the thyroid gland located

Answer 29

midline, around the trachea at tracheal rings 2-4

Question 30

What is the name of a not uncommon extra lobe of the thyroid

Answer 30

pyramidal lobe, may extend upwards from the isthmus

Question 31

Thyroid gland lymph drainage

Answer 31

deep cervical lymph nodes, can and DOES cross sides of the body.

Question 32

relationship of recurrent laryngeal n to the thyroid

Answer 32

RLN located medial to lobes, between trachea and esophagus
innervates all of the mucles of the larynx, except cricothyroid
cut RLN== dysphonia

Question 33

Blood supply of thyroid (arterial)

Answer 33

superior thyroid artery (from common or external carotid)
inferior thyroid artery (thyrocervical trunk)
lowest thyroid artery

Question 34

Blood supply of the thyroid (venous)

Answer 34

veins are what drain the hormones out
superior and middle thyroid veins drain into IVC
inferior thyroid drains into brachiocephalic vein

Question 35

Cricothyrotomy

Answer 35

risk of thryoglossal duct cyst and blood loss
if they need it just do it
establishes emergency airway by cutting through the cricothyroid membrane

Question 36

esophagus is _______ to trachea

Answer 36

posterior

Question 37

Cupula of pleura

Answer 37

(of the lung)
pyramidal shaped portion of thoracic cavity that extends into root of the nec between scalenes and longus colli mm
extends 3 cm into root of neck at midclavicular line

Penetrating wounds to the base of the neck may puncture the pleural cavity and/or lung, collapse the lung, and result in pneumothorax

Question 38

Retropharyngeal space

Answer 38

posterior to the esophagus and the prevertebral fascia