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HMS Anatomy > Surface Anatomy > Flashcards

Surface Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Costal Margin

A

The visible edge of the rib cage that extends down laterally from the midline. Marks the separation between thorax and abdomen.

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2
Q

Manubrium and Xyphoid Process

A

The tip of the manubrium forms the sternal notch. The base of the manubrium meets the zyphoid process to form the sternal angle or angle of Louis.

These structures, along with the clavicles, form the base of the surface thoracic projection.

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3
Q

Interspaces between ribs are numbered for. . .

A

The superiorly positioned rib

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4
Q

The tips of the lung extend. . .

A

superiorly to the clavicles.

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5
Q

The apex of the heart usually resides in

A

The left, 5th intercostal space

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6
Q

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

A

Bony prominences of the pelvis which sticks out and defines the wall of the abdomen when lines are imagined between the lateral-most points of the costal margin and the ASIS.

People will often rest their hands upon these prominences.

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7
Q

Pubic tubercles

A

Extension of the pubic rami, inferiorly and medially to the anteror abdomen.

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8
Q

Inguinal Ligaments

A

A line between the ASIS and the tubercles creates an outline of the abdominal cavity’s nesting site within the pelvis. The inguinal ligaments which form a boundary of the pelvis and lower limb are deep to these surface lines.

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9
Q

Boundaries of the abdomen

A

The xyphoid and costal margin (superior, zyphiod process)

anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercles (inferior, pubic synthesis)

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Umbilicus line

A

An axial plane through the umbilicus rests upon the iliac crest of the pelvis and the tip of the L5 vertebra

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12
Q

Sections of the surface abdomen

A
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13
Q

Abdominal surface quadrants

A
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14
Q

Abdominal Hexagon with sections

A
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15
Q

Midclavicular lines

A

Lines from the middle of the clavicle can be extended down through the thorax and abdomen to intersect with the midpoint of the inguinal ligaments inferiorly.

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16
Q

The subcostal plane

A

An axial plane positioned at the lateral aspects of the tenth ribs

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17
Q

The intertubercular plane

A

Axial plane connecting the iliac tubercles, located just anterior and superior to the anterior superior iliac spine.

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18
Q

Greater anterior epigastric and lumbar regions

A
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19
Q

The posterior faces of the umbilical-line lumbar regions are commonly referred to as. . .

A

the left and right flanks

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20
Q

Structures that lie deep to the epigastric region

A

Foregut structures (liver, gall bladder, stomach, pylorus, duodenal valve, pancreas) and the spleen.

The liver lies in the upper right, with the gall bladder just deep to it. The stomach fundus lies in the upper right, with the pylorus and duodenal valve towards the midline. The spleen lies deep to the fundus of the stomach. The head of the pancreas is nested within the pylorus and wrapping of the proximal duodenum, with its tail extending to the hylum of the spleen.

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21
Q

Umbilical plane across gut

A
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22
Q

The descending colon is on the ___ side and extends to ____.

A

The descending colon is on the right side and extends to the sigmoid colon and rectum.

The descending colon descends from just distal of the spleen.

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23
Q

The kidneys lie. . .

A

Posterior to the abdominal contents, with ureters extending to the urinary bladder in between the pubic synthesis.

24
Q

The ovaries and falopian tubes lie

A

In the deep, distal right and left lower quadrants.

25
Q

The uterus rests. . .

A

Behind the bladder, but anterior to the rectum.

26
Q
A
27
Q

The sternal angle is an important landmark to locate the position of the

A

2nd rib

28
Q

T1 vertebral level axial plane

A
29
Q

L3-L4 intervertebral space axial plane

A
30
Q

“Fascia”

A

Any sheetlike expanse of connective tissue.

31
Q

Endoabdominal and endothoracic fascia

A

Connect the peritoneal and pleural sacs to the musculoskeletal wall

32
Q

Surface anatomy of the anterior trunk

A
33
Q

Rib Diagram (viewed from posterior)

A
34
Q

The costal cartilages of ribs __ and __ are small and end in the abdominal musculature

A

11 and 12

35
Q

___ layers of intercostal muscles attach to the margins of adjacent ribs and fill the intercostalspaces.

A

Three layers of intercostal muscles attach to the margins of adjacent ribs and fill the intercostalspaces.

36
Q

Type of joint between vertebrae and ribs

A

synovial plane joints

Permit gliding between the bone surfaces meeting at these joints, allowing the ribs to swing outward and upward during inspiration.

37
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A

Attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton via the upper limb girdle, formed from the clavicle and scapula.

38
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

Where the lower limb connects to the abdomen via the lower limb girdle of the pelvis.

39
Q

The nipples in men and children usually lie. . .

A

superficial to the fourth intercostal space.

40
Q

Myotome

A

Forms an obliquely horizontal segment of the trunk wall musculature in embryogenesis

41
Q

Sclerotome

A

Lie between myotomes during embryogenesis.

Develop into the segmental elements of the axial skeleton.

42
Q

Embryonic somite

A

Consists of a dermatome and a myotome. Sclerotomes lie in-between.

43
Q

Each trunk spinal nerve conveys neural impulses to and from. . .

A

The corresponding dermatome/myotome and all structures between the dermis and the body cavity, including bones, joints, and parietal pleura/peritoneum.

44
Q

Hematomata

A

Bruises

Evidence of venipuncture or line insertion sites.

45
Q

Livor mortis

A

A purplish discoloration formed by postmortem settling of blood in the subcutaneous fat on the most dependent body surface.

46
Q

Surface projection of abdominal regions and quadrants

A
47
Q

During physical examination, tenderness elicited on palpation in a particular quadrant may indicate. . .

A

Irritation to one of the organs underlying that quadrant.

48
Q

The epigastric region corresponds to the central portions of the __ through __ dermatomes.

A

The epigastric region correspondsto the central portions of the T5 through T9 dermatomes.

49
Q

The umbilical region corresponds to the central portions of the. . .

A

T10 and T11 dermatomes.

50
Q

Patients often interpret pain impulses originating in deeper organs as ___ pain, a phenomenon known as referred pain.

A

Patients often interpret pain impulses originating in deeper organs as midline abdominal wall pain, a phenomenon known as referred pain.

51
Q

Pain reported in the epigastric region may indicate irritation of the ___, ___, ___, ___, or ___.

A

Pain reported in the epigastric region may indicate irritation of the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, or spleen.

52
Q

Pain reported in the umbilical region may indicate irritation in the ___or ___.

A

Pain reported in the umbilical region may indicate irritation in the small intestine or proximal large intestine

53
Q

Pain reported in the suprapubic region may indicate irritation of the ___, ___, or ___.

A

Pain reported in the suprapubic region may indicate irritation of the distal large intestine, rectum, or pelvic organs.

54
Q

Ribs fractured by blunt trauma may. . .

A

Ribs fractured by blunt trauma may lacerate the spleen, liver, kidneys, and other abdominal organs. Penetrating chest injuries can involve injuries to both thoracic and abdominal viscera.

55
Q

Thoracic motions in inspiration and expiration

A
56
Q
A

HMS Anatomy (15 decks)

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