Systemic disease Flashcards Preview

Ophthal > Systemic disease > Flashcards

Flashcards in Systemic disease Deck (28)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy- features

A

Haemorrhages
Microaneurysms
Cotton wool spots
Venous beading

2
Q

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy -features

A
New vessels ( coming towards you not flat on disc)
Subhyaloid haemorrhages
3
Q

What is the rationale behind laser use in prolif DR?

A

Ischaemic areas are releasing the vasoproliferative factors

If laser, reduces stimulus for new vessel formation

4
Q

Fenofibrate in diabetic retinopathy- what is the application and how good is it?

A

TYPE II DM
50% reduction over 5 years in diabetic complications
34% reduction in eye complications
One tab per day

Regulates the expression of many different genes, with a range of beneficial effects on lipid control, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell apoptosis

Also used in hypercholesterolaemia and mixed dyslipidaemia.

5
Q

What does VEGF inhibitor do in diabetic retinopathy?

A

Eg monthly intravitreal injections of ie Bevacizumab reduces swelling at the back of the eye at the macula

6
Q

What is special about the diabetic 6th nerve palsly?

A

spares the pupil

7
Q

What is the most common CN palsy in diabetes?

A

6th palsy

8
Q

What does optic neuropathy look like vs optic atrophy

A

First may progress to second
First looks like blurred optic disc, swollen with haemorrhages
Second looks like well defined bright white disc

9
Q

How does NO SPECS describe thyroid eye disease progression?

A
No signs of sx
Signs but no sx
soft tissue involvement
Proptosis
Extrocular muscle involvement (typically thick medial rectus)
Corneal involvement from exposure
Sight loss 

on CT tendons spared, in infiltrative like lymphoma tendons also enlarged

10
Q

MEN 2B has what eye sign

A

neuromas on conjunctiva

plus pheochromocytoma
medullary thyroid ca
GI ganglioneuromas

11
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy- findings

A

AV nicking
opacity of arteriolar walls with copper wiring
Haemorrhage dot blot flame
Microaneurysm
Cotton wool spot
Hard exudate
If malignant hypertension see swelling of the optic disc

12
Q

Cherry red spot means

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

13
Q

Dilater veins and lots of haemorrhages at back of the eye

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

14
Q

SBE retinal finding-

A

Roth spots- white centred round haemorrhage
Represent INFECTED EMBOLI

Can get similar looking thing in leukaemia from fibrin platelet clot

15
Q

MS eye findings

A
Optic neuritis
Progresses to optic atrophy
INO
Nystagmus
Can get a macular star but not so common
16
Q

Eye problems in RA

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Scleritis- doesnt blanche like episcleritis
Corneal melt
Brown syndrome (superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome)
Chloroquine toxicity- bulls eye macula
Chloroquine deposits in corne causing mares tail
Anterior uveitis
Retinal vasculitis

17
Q

Which part of visual field lost in temporal arteritis

A

Painless visual loss

Its an ischaemic optic neuropathy affecting the superior ciliary artery

superior often predominantly

18
Q

Anterior uveitis in -

A

Becets
IBD
psoriasis
ank spond

19
Q

lens dislocation which direction in Marfans

A

Up and in

20
Q

Kayser fleischer rings in ….

A

Wilsons
PBC
Chronic active hepatitis

21
Q

Myasthenia eye findings

A

Fatiguable ptosis
Better with ice cube
Pupils can be unequal and poorly reactive
Variable double vision

22
Q

Blue sclera in …

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

23
Q

Immunosuppressed eye diseases think…

A

CMV retinitis
Kaposi sarcoma of conjunctiva
Toxoplasma
TB

24
Q

IVDU eye problem when mix with lemon?

A

Candida fluff balls in vitreous and macula

25
Q

Sarcoid eye causes

A

Chronic granulomatous uveitis
Perivenous sheathing
Deposits in orbits bulging under eyes

26
Q

Where do you get mets in eyes and what primaries?

A

Posterior segment
Women breast
Men lung

Also goes to orbit- Note that they cause exopthalmos except schirous ca of breast which is fibrous and causes enophthalmos

27
Q

Leukaemia in eye causes?

A

Hypopion
Leukaemic cells with fluid level in anterior chamber
Also papilloedema and roth spots

28
Q

Neurofibromatomis in eye

A

Pulsatile enophthalmos

Lisch nodules- brown spots on iris