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Flashcards in Systemic Kidney Disease Deck (15)
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1
Q

What haemodynamic changes does diabetes cause upon the kidney?

A

Afferent vasodilation mediated by vasoactive mediators (IGF-1)
Hyperfiltration
Increased GFR

2
Q

Which lesions are typical of diabetic glomerulosclerosis?

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions

3
Q

There is no need for renal biopsy for suspected diabetic nephropathy if there is co-inciding retinopathy. True/False?

A

True

4
Q

The worse proteinuria is, the more likely the patient is to have diabetic complications. True/False?

A

True

5
Q

Which type of transplant can be done for type 1 diabetics with nephropathy?

A

Dual pancreas-kidney transplant

6
Q

Does reducing proteinuria slow progression of diabetic nephropathy? If so, which drugs can be used?

A

Yes

ACE inhibitor

7
Q

What is the difference between renovascular hypertension and ischaemic renal disease?

A

RV hypertension is secondary hypertension due to renal artery stenosis
Ischaemic renal disease is due to hypoperfusion and reduced GFR

8
Q

Name the 2 main renovascular diseases causing hypertension

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Atherosclerotic renovascular disease

9
Q

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis. True/False?

A

True

10
Q

What happens in multiple myeloma? What is its effect on kidneys?

A

Cancer of plasma cells that causes Ig to accumulate in bone marrow
Produces protein that causes kidney problems

11
Q

Which protein is produced by multiple myeloma that causes kidney problems?

A

Bence-Jones protein

12
Q

Bence-Jones protein is usually picked up on urinalysis. True/False?

A

False

Urinalysis picks up albumin; BJ is abnormal protein that isn’t picked up

13
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

Deposition of protein in extracellular spaces

14
Q

Describe amyloidosis on histopathology

A

Congo red staining showing apple-green birefringence

15
Q

How is hypercalcaemia in myeloma causing renal failure treated?

A

NaCl volume resus

IV pamidronate if required