Task 4 Learn to name theory and to what they belong to Flashcards Preview

Personality and individual differences > Task 4 Learn to name theory and to what they belong to > Flashcards

Flashcards in Task 4 Learn to name theory and to what they belong to Deck (30)
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1
Q

What is cloningers the theory of characteristics ?

A
  • Explain characteristics via neurotransmitter

- Dopamine = novelty seeking, Serotonin = harm avoidnace , Norepinepherine= reward dependerice

2
Q

Which characteristic does dopamine explain ?

A
  • Novelty seeking = exitability impulsivness
  • it is the response to pleasurable exciting stimuli
  • Add something
3
Q

How was “novelty seeking “ tested ?

A
  • Parkinson was seen as being prove. but it turned out that there is no correlation between DOPAMINE AND NOVELTY SEEKING
4
Q

Which characteristic does Serotonin explain ?

A
  • harm avoidance = worry , fear , shyness

- high lvl of serotonin inhibit repsonse to harmful unplesent stimuli

5
Q

How was harm avoidance tested ?

A
  • With anti depresent people

- showed some kind of correlation between seretonin = harm avoidance

6
Q

Which characteristic does Norepinephrine ?

A
  • reward dependence = sentimentality, warm communication
  • low lvl of norepinephrine = stimuli which as previously be linked to pleasure will be linked to plesure in the current moment as well
7
Q

How was reward dependence or in general all 3 characteristics meassured ?

A
  • Comparing different people with diff alleles that influence neurot. release to normal people
  • EEG, molecular genetics
  • reward dependence has some correlation with Norepinephrine
8
Q

What is Grays theory of characteristics ?

A
  • reinforcement sensitivity theory = Describing charactersitics in form of brain activity
  • Behavioral activation, Behavioural inhibtion and fight or flight System
9
Q

How was Grays theory meassured ?

A
  • MRI
  • FMRI
  • Neuroscience and animal studies showed that there is proof
10
Q

What is the BAS behavioural activation system ?

A
  • Go system
  • linked to the brain regions which are recieving signals from NS that indicate reward
  • If there is stronger activation or if u are more sensitive then u follow more the rewards
11
Q

What is the BIS behavioural inhibtion system ?

A
  • Stop system
  • linked to the brain regions which are recieving signals from NS that indicate punishment
  • If there is stronger activation or if u are more sensitive then u avoid more punishment
12
Q

What is the FFS Fight or flight system ?

A
  • linked to regions to that are responsible for extreme reactions in response to danger
  • Stronger or more sensitive = higher tendency to show extreme reactions
  • > Not fully understood in the theory
13
Q

What were some issues with gray theory and what did it lead to ?

A
  • Each characteristic was not fully understoody exspecially the FFS
  • New Theory: Revised reinforcment sensitivity theory
14
Q

What are the differences between the old and the revised reinforcment sensitivy theory ?

A
  • BAS = Genreal reaction to reward instead of only to conditioned reward
  • FFS -> FFFS = fight flight and freez response
  • > in general just more in depth and new information were added
15
Q

What is eysenecks theory of characteristics

A
  • Explain characteristics within 3 dimensions -> first theory which focused not biological impact
16
Q

What are the 3 dimensions regarding eysencks theory ?

A
  • Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism
17
Q

How does Clogners theory and and grey theory correlate ?

A
BAS = novelty seeking
BIS = harm avoidance
18
Q

How does eysencks theory explain extraversion ?

A
  • It is about a reaction to a certain stimuli
  • Extarversion = prefer high stimuli
  • Introversion = prefer low stimuli
  • > Ascending reticular activating system: regulates amount of stimulation
19
Q

How does the ARAS system works by extraverded people ?

A
  • Admits little stimulation

- underaroused -> seek for attention

20
Q

How does the ARAS system works by introverted people ?

A
  • Admits great stimulation

- over aroused -> and aviods stimulation

21
Q

Which study proofs the characteristics of Extraversion and how was it conducted ?

A
  • The lemon juice task

- introverted people produce more saliva when answering questions about themself while haveing a lemon in there mouth

22
Q

How does eysencks theory explain neuroticism ?

A
  • shows opposite between neuroticism vs emotinal stable
  • it is about how sensitive u react to stress
  • limbic system indicator of neuroticism
23
Q

Why is the limbic system an indicator of neuroticism ?

A
  • the more overwhelmed the more neurotic a person is
24
Q

How does eysencks theory explain psycotism ?

A
  • its about aggressivness , risk taking and impulsivity

- High lvl of testosterone low lvl of monoamine oxidase

25
Q

What are some special facts about eysencks theory ?

A
  • Good emparical support

- Forerunner for the reinforcment theory?

26
Q

How does zuckermans Model explain characteristics ?

A
  • Explain characteristics via brain structure and neurotransmitter and hormones
  • so its a combination of all
  • 5 factors = activity, sensation seeking, aggregession , neuroticism, sociability
27
Q

Name some facts about cortisol:

A
  • prepares body for action in response to stress
28
Q

Name some facts about Oxytocin:

A
  • It is the emotional bonding hormone (close attachment)

- High lvl of oxytocin = more trusting and trustworthy

29
Q

what is so special regarding oxcytosin ?

A
  • slow degradation = long lasting effect on body = can effect multiple system and is not linked to spatial or temporal areas
30
Q

Besided trust what are other impacts of OT regarding behaviour ?

A
  • Ot reduces activation of amygdala in response of fear
  • ot reduces anxiety
  • cole down