Teratogens Flashcards Preview

UWorld Things to Remember > Teratogens > Flashcards

Flashcards in Teratogens Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Renal damage

2
Q

Alkylating agents

*Cyclophosphamide*

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

3
Q

Aminoglycosides

*Gentamicin*

A

CN VIII toxicity

4
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

5
Q

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

6
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Neural tube defects

7
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

8
Q

Methimazole

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

9
Q

Phenytoin

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails & distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability

10
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Discolored teeth

11
Q

Thalidomide

A

Limb defects

(phocomelia, micromelia: “flipper limbs)

12
Q

Valproate

A

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption

Neural tube defects

13
Q

Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalities

*give Heparin*

14
Q

Alcohol

A

Common cause of birth defects & intellectual disability

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

15
Q

Cocaine

A

Abnormal fetal growth & fetal addiction

Placental abruption

16
Q

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

A

Leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries; pre-term labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

17
Q

Iodine (lack or excess)

A

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

18
Q

Maternal diabetes (Type I or II)

A

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

19
Q

Vitamin A (excess)

A

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions & birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

20
Q

X-rays

A

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

21
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Cartilage damage