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Neurology > Terminology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Terminology Deck (29)
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1
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Impairment in ability to control movements

2
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slow movement

3
Q

Akinesia

A

Inability to initiate movement

4
Q

Rigidity

A

An increase in resistance to passive movement

5
Q

Chorea

A

Brief irregular contractions not repetitive or rhythmic but appear to flow from one muscle to another

6
Q

Ballism

A

Severe chorea, slight movements becoming thrashing motions, odd postures, or leg movements

7
Q

Dysarthria

A

Any of certain disorders of articulation caused by impairment of the muscles used in speech, such as stammering or stuttering, caused by a nerve defect

8
Q

Allodynia

A

Condition in which an ordinarily painless stimulus is experienced as being painful

9
Q

Akathisia

A

Motor restlessness

10
Q

Cataplexy

A

Muscular weakness resulting in sudden loss of postural tone, often triggered by an emotional stimulus and resulting in falls to the floor

11
Q

Cogwheeling

A

Ratchet like movement due to superimposition of tremor on rigidity

12
Q

Facial masking

A

Decreased facial expression due to rigidity of facial muscles

13
Q

Fasciculation

A

Spontaneous firing of an axon resulting in a visible twitch of all the muscle fibers it contacts

14
Q

Festination

A

Involuntary tendency to take short accelerating steps in walking that can occur in Parkinson’s disease

15
Q

Freezing

A

Sudden, brief cessation of movement

16
Q

Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Chronic phase of thiamine deficiency characterized by impairment in establishing new memories and retrieving previous memories, occurring most commonly in alcoholics

17
Q

Myoclonus

A

Sudden, shock-like, jerking contraction of a group of muscles

18
Q

Oculogyric crisis

A

Acute dystonic reaction to neuroleptic drugs manifested by sudden sustained twisting of the head and upward deviation of the eyes

19
Q

On-off phenomenon

A

sudden, unpredictable changes in motor performance by patients on levodopa therapy

20
Q

Palsy

A

Paralysis of a muscle group

21
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of both legs

22
Q

Penumbra

A

Area surrounding the dense core of irreversibly damaged cells that has preserved ionic homeostasis and reduced neuronal electrical activity but that is capable of recovery

23
Q

Tardive

A

Symptoms that develop slowly or appear long after inception

24
Q

Tic

A

Repetitive, stereotyped, simple or complex movements that can be voluntarily suppressed for short periods of time

25
Q

Torticollis

A

Form of dystonia in which the neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing the head to turn

26
Q

Wearing off phenomenon

A

Waning of the effects of a dose of levodopa prior to the scheduled time for the next dose, resulting in decreased motor performance

27
Q

Fluent aphasia

A

Impairment of language comprehension including impaired repetition due to lesion of the posterior left superior temporal gyrus

28
Q

Athetosis

A

Twisting and writhing movements

29
Q

Dystonia

A

Sustained muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures