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Clinical Anatomy - Final Exam > Test 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Test 1 Deck (49)
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1
Q

Which joint motions are needed on the weight-bearing limb (for example the right leg) when stepping down a step (with the left leg)?
A. ankle plantar flexion and knee extension
B. ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion
C. ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion
D. ankle dorsiflexion and knee extension

A

B. ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion

2
Q
When stepping up steps an individual's muscles are working:
A. concentrically
B. eccentrically
C. isometrically
D. isokinetically
A

A. concentrically

3
Q
An example of a closed chain movement is:
A. pushups
B. rising from sitting to standing
C. reaching for an overhead shealf
D. fastening a belt behind the back
E. all of the above
F. A and B
G. C and D
A

F. A and B

4
Q
The adult spinal cord extends to:
A. the coccyx
B. the sacrum
C. the third or fourth lumbar vertebra
D. the last thoracic vertebra or 1st lumbar vertebra
A

D. the last thoracic vertebrae or 1st lumbar vertebrae

5
Q
Which of the following is not a layer of the meninges? 
A. dura mater
B. white matter
C. pia mater
D. arachnoid mater
A

B. white matter

6
Q

The dorsal roots of each spinal segment:
A. brings sensory information into the spinal cord
B. send messages to peripheral effectors
C. contain the axons of somatic motor and visceral motor neurons
D. both B and C

A

A. brings sensory information into the spinal cord

7
Q
If a patient recently had a hip surgery and is not allowed to flex her hip past 90 degrees, what functional activity would be most difficult?
A. stepping up a 4 in step
B. walking with a walker
C. bending to put on socks and shoes
D. taking a shower
A

C. bending to put on socks and shoes

8
Q

The dorsal root is different from the dorsal rami because:
A. the root carries only afferent axons, while the rami carries mixed afferent and efferent
B. the root carries both afferent and efferent axons, while the rami carries only efferent
C. the root carries only efferent axons, while the rami carries mixed axons

A

A. the root carries only afferent axons, while the rami carries mixed afferent and efferent.

9
Q
If an individual presents with increased reflexes, a (+) Babinski sign, and a (+) clonus sign. Where is the most likely place for their injury/pathology?
A. PNS
B. CNS
C. muscle
D. disc
A

B. CNS

10
Q
If an individual has a large disc bulge at L5 which has an effect on the ventral nerve roots at that level on one side, the patient may present with:
A. ipsilateral decreased strength
B. ipsilateral decreased sensation
C. contralateral decreased reflexes
D. contralateral decreased strength
A

A. ipsilateral decreased strength

11
Q
The bone inferior to the sacrum is:
A. coccyx
B. 5th lumbar vertebrae
C. 12th lumbar vertebrae
D. 5th thoracic vertebrae
A

A. coccyx

12
Q
Movements that occur at the shoulder (Glenohumeral) and hip represent the actions that occur at a \_\_\_\_\_ joint. 
A. hinge
B. ball-and-socket
C. pivot
D. gliding
A

B. ball-and-socket

13
Q
Which of the following controls voluntary skeletal muscle contractions?
A. afferent division
B. efferent division
C. somatic
D. autonomic
E. both A and D
F. both B and C
A

F. both B and C

14
Q
In a nerve cell, the part of the cell body that sends information to other cells or nerves (and is sometimes very long) is called the:
A. axon
B. cell body
C. dendrite
D. glial cells
A

A. axon

15
Q
A long bone in the body is made up of 3 sections. The long part of the bone is called:
A. metaphysis
B. epiphysis
C. diaphysis
D. spongy bone
A

C. diaphysis

16
Q
How many pairs of cervical nerve roots does an individual have?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 10
A

C. 8

17
Q
An individual is diagnosed with a relatively rare disease called Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The effects of this disease are slowness of movements, decreased coordination, and decreased sensation. The disease process affects which tissue type?
A. synaptic terminals
B. neurotransmitters
C. spinal cord
D. myelin sheath
A

D. myelin sheath

18
Q

A dermatome is a map that indicates:
A. which sensory nerve supplies a specific area of skin
B. which motor nerve supplies specific muscles
C. which spinal tract supplies a specific area of skin
D. which part of the brain is limited during an injury

A

A. which sensory nerve supplies a specific area of skin

19
Q
Which of the following is a sagittal plane movement?
A. flexion
B. abduction
C. horizontal abduction
D. thumb opposition
A

A. flexion

20
Q

T/F The spinal cord is made up of gray and white matter. The white matter is made up of myelinated axons.

A

True

21
Q

Based on your knowledge of anatomy, Cauda equina syndrome is a disease or injury to:
A. the brain stem
B. spinal nerves that originate on the conus medularis
C. brachial plexus
D. lateral column of the spinal cord

A

B. spinal nerves that originate on the conus medularis

22
Q
The Law that describes the relationship of innervation of muscle, skin, and joint within the same general region in referred to as:
A. Harris' Law
B. Houston's Law
C. Hilton's Law
D. Herrod's Law
A

C. Hilton’s Law

23
Q
The deltoid is a \_\_\_\_ muscle. 
A. pennate
B. unipennate
C. bipennate
D. multipennate
A

D. multipennate

24
Q
The shoulder is \_\_\_\_\_\_ to the spine. 
A. medial
B. lateral
C. superior
D. inferior
A

B. lateral

25
Q
In order for an individual to don a belt and not miss any belt loops, the following shoulder motion is need:
A. flexion
B. extension
C. external rotation
D. internal rotation
E. A and C
F. B and C
G. D and A
H. B and D
A

H. B and D

26
Q

According to the concave/convex rule, which of the following is true?
A. arthrokinematic movement of a convex surface moving over a concave surface is opposite of the osteokinematic movement
B. arthrokinematic movement of a convex surface moving over a concave surface is the same of the osteokinematic movement
C. arthrokinematic movement of a concave surface moving over a convex surface is opposite of the osteokinematic movement

A

A. arthrokinematic movement of a convex surface moving over a concave surface is opposite of the osteokinematic movement

27
Q
Which view of a lumbar MRI would be most helpful to visual all of the layers of annulus fibrosis?
A. frontal view
B. sagittal view
C. coronal view
D. axial view
A

D. axial view

28
Q
Which of the following are functions of a gomphosis?
A. proprioception
B. stability
C. mobility
D. all of the above
E. A and B only
F. A and C only
A

E. A and B only

29
Q

Which of the following motions occur at the cervical spine?
A. flexion, extension, rotation, retraction
B. flexion, extension, upward rotation, abduction
C. retraction, extension, adduction, flexion
D. retraction, protrusion, abduction, adduction

A

A. flexion, extension, rotation, retraction

30
Q

One characteristic of a synovial joint is the presence of synovial fluid. What are the functions of synovial fluid?
A. lubrication and oxygenation
B. lubrication and nourishment
C. nourishment and vascularization
D. nourishment and protection from infection

A

B. lubrication and nourishment

31
Q
Which of the following terms are associated with synovial fluid?
A. proprioception
B. anastomosis 
C. pain fibers 
D. fibrous capsule
E. all of the above
A

E. all of the above

32
Q

A Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis is a condition in which the head of the femur slips in relation to the diaphysis of the femur. The epiphysis of a bone is what type of joint?
A. syndesmosis
B. synchondrosis
C. symphysis

A

B. synchondrosis

33
Q

Who is the most likely to have a Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis?
A. an adult male of African American descent
B. a child between the ages of 5-7
C. more likely to occur in females of any age
D. most common in male adolescents 11-15 years of age

A

D. most common in male adolescents 11-15 years of age

34
Q
Which of the following is not a type syndesmosis?
A. suture
B. interosseous membrane
C. gomphosis
D. TMJ
A

D. TMJ

35
Q
The horomone relaxin targets which type of tissue?
A. hyaline cartilage
B. fibrocartilage
C. primary cartilaginous joints
 D.synovial joints
A

B. fibrocartilage

36
Q

Which characteristics are likely during Degenerative Disc Disease?
A. breakdown of fibrocartilage, decreased synovial fluid
B. breakdown of fibrocartilage, increase in synovial fluid
C. excessive growth of fibrocartilage, decreased synovial fluid
D. excessive growth of fibrocartilage, increase synovial fluid

A

A. breakdown of fibrocartilage, decreased synovial fluid

37
Q

T/F Fine motor muscle groups have fewer muscle fibers per motor unit:

A

True

38
Q
Elevated muscle tone (for spasticity) is most likely a pathologic condition of:
A. the motor unit
B. peripheral nerve
C. ventral root
D. CNS
A

D. CNS

39
Q

Which of the following patients are most likely to regain full recovery?
A. 25 y/o male who suffered a complete SCI from and ATV accident
B. 55 y/o female with sudden onset Guillain-Barre syndrome
C. 35 y/o male who suffered a transected axillary nerve during a crush injury
D. 45 y/o female with early onset multiple sclerosis

A

B. 55 y/o female with sudden onset Guillain-Barre syndrome

40
Q
The myelin layers from superficial to deep:
A. pia, arachnoid, dura
B. dura, pia, arachnoid
C. dura, arachnoid, pia
D. pia, dura, arachnoid
A

C. dura, arachnoid, pia

41
Q
The nervous system that innervates the organs of the body and transmits pain, feelings of hunger and nausea:
A. somatic and efferent
B. afferent and autonomic
C. efferent and autonomic
D. somatic and afferent
A

B. afferent and autonomic

42
Q

T/F Peripheral nerve fibers are vascular:

A

True

43
Q

A 23 y/o female has a cervical disc bulge puttin pressure on her C7 nerve root. Which of the following is likely?
A. decreased sensation at her medial antecubital fossa, and tricep weakness
B. decreased sensation of her middle finger, bicep weakness
C. decreased sensation of her middle finger, tricep weakness
D. decreased sensation of medial border of her hand, bicep weakness

A

C. decreased sensation of her middle finger, tricep weakness

44
Q

The adult spinal cord terminates in which order:
A. filum terminale, conus medularis, cauda equina
B. cauda equina, filum terminale, conus medularis
C. conus medularis, cauda equina, filum terminale

A

C. conus medularis, cauda equina, filum terminale

45
Q
Reaching across your body to touch the opposite shoulder requires:
A. horizontal adduction 
B. horizonatal abduction
C. internal rotation
D. external rotation
E. both A and C
F. both B and D
A

E. both A and C

46
Q
The type of physician who deals with joints in referred to as:
A. orthopedic
B. cardiologist
C. internist
D. endocrinologist
A

A. orthopedic

47
Q
An individual uses the following type of muscle contraction to sit upright with controlled posture:
A. reflexive
B. autonomic
C. tonic
D. eccentric
A

C. tonic

48
Q

The muscular system contains 3 types of muscles:
A. skeletal, smooth, cardiac
B. skeletal, reflexive, tonic
C. cardiac, convergent, skeletal

A

A. skeletal, smooth, cardiac

49
Q

An individual is muscle tested by an Occupational Therapist and is found to have 2/5 strength throughout their upper extremity. Which is the most likely presentation of the patient?
A. full strength against resistance
B. nearly full strength against resistance
C. able to move through partial ROM or gravity eliminated ROM
D. trace movement
E. no movement

A

C. able to move through partial ROM or gravity eliminated ROM