What is the catalase test for?
To test for aerobic or anaerobic.
Obligate aerobe
only grows in the presence of oxygen.
Na Thioglycollate medium
removes oxygen to help determine what type of bacteria it is in terms of oxygen necessity
microaerophile
microorganism that nrequires low levels of oxygen for grown, but is damaged in normal O2 levels
Facultative anaerobe
does not require oxygen for growth but does grow better when its present
aerotolerant
grows equally well with or without O2
obligate anaerobe
cannot tolerate O2 and dies when exposed
Deinococcus radiodurans
bacteria able to withstand radiation because it has very good DNA repair mechanisms
insertion sequence transposon
transposon that only carries the info for transposase
composite transposon
transposon that carries additional genetic info
conjugative transposon
transposon that moves from one cell to the next
conservative transposon
conjugative transposon that moves without being copied
replicative transposon
conjugative transposon that is copied prior to moving
episome
when a plasmid is incorporated into DNA
phenetic classification
based on similarity of morphologic characteristics
phylogenetic class
based on evolutionary relationships rather than the morphologic
pseudopeptidoglycan
NAG and NAT that has a beta 1,3 linkage which is insensitive to lysozyme
characteristics of archaea
- pseudopeptidoglycan
- s-layer, glycoprotein, protein
- polysaccharaide layer
staphylococcus aureus
g+ aerobe, Low GC, invasive strains cause endocarditis and meningitis, antibiotic resistance-MRSA, scalded skin syndrome in infants and impetigo
Bacillus thuringiensis
low GC, biopesticide that damages membranes of insects
mycoplasma
low GC, no cell wall, lipoglycans and carotenoids embedded in the membrane, produces sterols, causes Western X in stonefruits causing yellow leaves and bad fruit
spiroplasma
low GC, has a spiral structure, causes corn stunt in corn
streptomyces
g+, high GC, is an antibiotic producer of kanamycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Produces geosmin or an earthy smell
Frankia
high GC nitrogen fixer that forms symbiotic relationship with Red Alder trees
Mycobacterium
high GC, acid fast, has strains that cause leprosy and tuberculosis
corynebacterium
g+, high GC, causes bacterial wilt of Alfalfa
enterobacteriaceae
group that contains E. coli, salmonella, shigella
salmonella
mixed acid fermentor, g- cat+, has endotoxins that cause food poisoning, particular strain causes typhoid fever
shigella
mixed acid fermentor, closely related to E. coli, causes dysentery
yersinia
mixed acid fermentor, has a strain, pestis, that was responsible for the bubonic plague
pseudomonadaceae
g-, cat+, fluoresces with UV, syringae strain causes gumosis on trees, aeruginosa strain is opportunistic especially on burns
agrobacterium tumefaciens
causes crown gall at wound sites in plants
tobacco mosaic virus
helical viral structure consisting of ssRNA+ and protomer coat
plaque assay
virus titre determination technique where a plate is one big colony with holes where viruses killed the bacteria
bacteriophage
bacterial virus that typically does not have an envelope
phage t4
virus that affects E. coli only and is very strain specific
lysogenic cyle
virus cycle where the viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA and is replicated with the host DNA
lytic cycle
virus cycle where viral DNA is copied within a cell and the host cell lyses and dies. can be induced by UV
antigenic shift
when a cell is infected with more than 1 influenza virus the strains packaged into new viruses are mixed and create new viral strains. the reason why new flu shots come out every year
acute infection
Infection where viruses kill the cells, oftentimes in a lytic form
persistent infection
infection where the virus is incorporated into your DNA and you carry it for life
Polysome
when multiple proteins are being produced by multiple ribosomes while the same RNA is being transcribed.
Specialized Transduction
prophage is incorporated along with some attached chromosomal DNA into a virus and transferred into a new host