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Flashcards in Test 2 Deck (43)
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1
Q

What is the catalase test for?

A

To test for aerobic or anaerobic.

2
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

only grows in the presence of oxygen.

3
Q

Na Thioglycollate medium

A

removes oxygen to help determine what type of bacteria it is in terms of oxygen necessity

4
Q

microaerophile

A

microorganism that nrequires low levels of oxygen for grown, but is damaged in normal O2 levels

5
Q

Facultative anaerobe

A

does not require oxygen for growth but does grow better when its present

6
Q

aerotolerant

A

grows equally well with or without O2

7
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

cannot tolerate O2 and dies when exposed

8
Q

Deinococcus radiodurans

A

bacteria able to withstand radiation because it has very good DNA repair mechanisms

9
Q

insertion sequence transposon

A

transposon that only carries the info for transposase

10
Q

composite transposon

A

transposon that carries additional genetic info

11
Q

conjugative transposon

A

transposon that moves from one cell to the next

12
Q

conservative transposon

A

conjugative transposon that moves without being copied

13
Q

replicative transposon

A

conjugative transposon that is copied prior to moving

14
Q

episome

A

when a plasmid is incorporated into DNA

15
Q

phenetic classification

A

based on similarity of morphologic characteristics

16
Q

phylogenetic class

A

based on evolutionary relationships rather than the morphologic

17
Q

pseudopeptidoglycan

A

NAG and NAT that has a beta 1,3 linkage which is insensitive to lysozyme

18
Q

characteristics of archaea

A
  1. pseudopeptidoglycan
  2. s-layer, glycoprotein, protein
  3. polysaccharaide layer
19
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

g+ aerobe, Low GC, invasive strains cause endocarditis and meningitis, antibiotic resistance-MRSA, scalded skin syndrome in infants and impetigo

20
Q

Bacillus thuringiensis

A

low GC, biopesticide that damages membranes of insects

21
Q

mycoplasma

A

low GC, no cell wall, lipoglycans and carotenoids embedded in the membrane, produces sterols, causes Western X in stonefruits causing yellow leaves and bad fruit

22
Q

spiroplasma

A

low GC, has a spiral structure, causes corn stunt in corn

23
Q

streptomyces

A

g+, high GC, is an antibiotic producer of kanamycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Produces geosmin or an earthy smell

24
Q

Frankia

A

high GC nitrogen fixer that forms symbiotic relationship with Red Alder trees

25
Q

Mycobacterium

A

high GC, acid fast, has strains that cause leprosy and tuberculosis

26
Q

corynebacterium

A

g+, high GC, causes bacterial wilt of Alfalfa

27
Q

enterobacteriaceae

A

group that contains E. coli, salmonella, shigella

28
Q

salmonella

A

mixed acid fermentor, g- cat+, has endotoxins that cause food poisoning, particular strain causes typhoid fever

29
Q

shigella

A

mixed acid fermentor, closely related to E. coli, causes dysentery

30
Q

yersinia

A

mixed acid fermentor, has a strain, pestis, that was responsible for the bubonic plague

31
Q

pseudomonadaceae

A

g-, cat+, fluoresces with UV, syringae strain causes gumosis on trees, aeruginosa strain is opportunistic especially on burns

32
Q

agrobacterium tumefaciens

A

causes crown gall at wound sites in plants

33
Q

tobacco mosaic virus

A

helical viral structure consisting of ssRNA+ and protomer coat

34
Q

plaque assay

A

virus titre determination technique where a plate is one big colony with holes where viruses killed the bacteria

35
Q

bacteriophage

A

bacterial virus that typically does not have an envelope

36
Q

phage t4

A

virus that affects E. coli only and is very strain specific

37
Q

lysogenic cyle

A

virus cycle where the viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA and is replicated with the host DNA

38
Q

lytic cycle

A

virus cycle where viral DNA is copied within a cell and the host cell lyses and dies. can be induced by UV

39
Q

antigenic shift

A

when a cell is infected with more than 1 influenza virus the strains packaged into new viruses are mixed and create new viral strains. the reason why new flu shots come out every year

40
Q

acute infection

A

Infection where viruses kill the cells, oftentimes in a lytic form

41
Q

persistent infection

A

infection where the virus is incorporated into your DNA and you carry it for life

42
Q

Polysome

A

when multiple proteins are being produced by multiple ribosomes while the same RNA is being transcribed.

43
Q

Specialized Transduction

A

prophage is incorporated along with some attached chromosomal DNA into a virus and transferred into a new host